In the name

of
Allah
Database
Systems

Lecture -1
Course Objectives
 Introduction to Very basics
 Guides through Different
 design stages
 Familiarize with a tool
 Emphasis on
 Design stages of Databases
Importance of
Course
Lecture Overview
• Database Definition
• Comparison with the prior Data
Processing approach
• Pros & Cons of Databases
What is a
Database
Database Def-1
A database is a shared collection of
logically related data that is stored to
meet the requirements of different
users of an organization
Database Def-2
A database is a self-describing collection of
integrated records
Database Def-3
A database models a particular real world
system in the computer in the form of data
The concept of a shared organizational
database
Management Marketing

Product
Planning Control Sales
Development

Corporate
Database

Accounting Manufacturing

Accounts Accounts
Scheduling Production
Receivable Payable
 A bit of History
• Computer initially used for computational/
engineering purposes
• Commercial applications introduced File
Processing System
File Processing
System
A collection of programs that perform
services for the end-users such as
production of reports
 File Processing Systems
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Applications Applications Applications

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Data Data Data
Files Files Files

Program and Data Interdependence

 File Processing Systems
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Reg_Number Reg_Number Reg_Number

Name Name Name

Father Name Address Father Name

Books Issued Class Phone

Fine Semester Address

Grade Class

Duplication of Data
Vulnerable to Inconsistency
 Advantages of Database Approach
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Applications Applications Applications

Database
Management
System

- Data Sharing University

- Data Independence
Students
- Controlled Redundancy Database - Better Data Integrity
First Lecture Ends