Consorcio

Automotriz

Israel Ruiz Quinde

A00824089
 The Vibration Analysis is a diagnostic technique
that allows us to relate the level of vibration to the
condition machine, especially talking about a
rotating equipment.

• Many vibrations are directly linked to periodic

events in the machine´s operation (such as Vibration-based
rotating shafts)
Conditioning
• The frequency with which such events repeat
often gives a direct indication of the source.
Monitoring
(Randall, 2011).
The failures in the machining cause changes in the
vibration signal and therefore in the machine
condition. (Randall, 2011)(Randall, 2011)

Main detectable faults

• Unbalance

• Misalignment

• Rolling Element bearings failures

Each one has a specific frequency spectral representation and may contain
information on either the geometry of the bearing, the number of rolling
elements, the speed at which it rotates or the location of the defect.
 Fault Detection

In order to detect a fault, the vibration signals must be processed in

order to determine if a significant change in its parameters
(Amplitude, phase, spectral distribution) has occurred.

Vibration analysis techniques

Frequency Analysis Time-Frequency Analysis

-Fourier transform (FT) - Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT)

-Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) - Wavelets Analysis
-Hilbert Transform (HT) - Empirical Mode Decomposition
- Wigner-Ville Distribution
 Fault Detection
- The processes are multiscale in nature. Multiscale systems
produce signals that comprise components with widely varying
time scales

- Certain components are short-time-scales while others are long-

time-scales with different characteristics in the frequency
domain.

- When we measure a multiscale signal and set a sampling

frequency and a given scale, we are losing information on events
occurring on a smaller scale than the scale we fixed.
 Wigner-Ville Distribution

Interferences occur due to sudden Not so effective in detecting

transition discontinuities
 Wigner-Ville Distribution
Smooth Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD)
 Wigner-Ville Distribution in fault detection

-Due to periodicall defects, the machinery vibration signals generally reveal the
feature of modulation. So demudaltion technique and time-frecuency analysis are
the premise to extraxct falt features, diagnose fault type and pinpoint the fault
position.

-Local Mean Decomposition (LMD) is a self-adaptive time frecuency analysis

method which can be use to descompose a complicated multi-component signal
into a set of product functions (PFs), each of which is a mono-component
amplitud-modulated and frecuency-modulated (AMY FM) signal.

-WVD is a basic time frequency representation of a signal which possesses a great

number of good properties and provides high resolution of instantaneous energy
density both in time domain and frecuency domain. [2]
 Wigner-Ville Distribution in fault detection

-But it has fatal defect of cross terms interference especially form multi-
component signals because of its bilinear characteristic. Herein the merits of both
LMD and WVD are combined, which can not only sucessfully eliminate the cross
terms but also effectively extract local time-frecuency information for further
bearing fault diagnosis

-The energy distribution variation of small time-frequency block in time-frequency

plane would precisely reflect the energy variation of bearing fault vibration signal
in time-frequency domain under different fault conditions.
original vibration data are
decomposed into several
WVSE DETECTION FAULT PROCEDURE
(finite) PF components
(LMD)

Compute the WVD of the

specific PFs

Divided the whole time-

Compute the time-
frequency plane into a Calculate the WVSE for each
frequency energy
number of small time- PF
distribution of each PF
frecuency blocks

SVM is defined as a data

Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier

Working Condition and

Fault patterns detected
Results of feature extraction for the rolling bearing with the inner race defect.

Vibration Signal

WVD:

Figure (b) demonstrates the existence

of periodic impulse force
Wigner-Ville time-frequency spectrum entropy (WVSE)

- The Shannon entropy concept is introduce in WVD to generate WVSE

- The method offers a quantitative measure for the energy variation in

time-frequency distribution under different work conditions.
- Time-frequency plane is divided into N blocks
; Energy of each time-freqyuency block

; Wi is normalized (Per cent of energy of i block )

Wigner-Ville time-frequency spectrum entropy (WVSE)
Experimental Data:
Western
Reserve University

Sampling frequency: 12 KHz

Duration of vibration: 10 sec

50 samples selected /
2048 point of each one

WVSE values curves change at different range under four

different operating conditions
Bibliography:

[1] Introduction to Time-Frecuency Analysis and Wavelet Transforms. Arun K. Tangirala. (2016)
Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras. Online Lecture 1.2.

[2] A New Fault Detection and Diagnosis Method Based on Wigner-Ville Spectrum Entropy for
the Rolling Bearing (2012). Xied et al. Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 197.