Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Research is a careful, systematic and Research is the systematic study of trend or event
objective investigation conducted to obtain which involves careful collection, presentation,
valid facts, draw conclusions and established analysis and interpretation of quantitative data or
principles regarding an identifiable problem in facts that relates man’s thinking with reality. –Jeff L.
some field of knowledge. – Clarke and Clarke Homeres
Subtitle
Scientific Research
Research is a scientific exercise. Others argue that finding
solutions to problems can be generated through “common
sense”, however, it does not guarantee the existence of valid
conclusions. Science is knowledge gained by systematic study.
Thus, Scientific research may be defined as a systematic,
controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed relations among observed
phenomena. It contains the basic terms necessary in defining
the method of scientific research, and describes a procedure
that has been accepted for centuries.
Subtitle
Purpose of Research
Subtitle
Subtitle
Subtitle
Subtitle
Subtitle
Subtitle
Subtitle
KINDS OF RESEARCH
KINDS OF RESEARCH
KINDS OF RESEARCH
METHOD OF
RESEARCH
1. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
It is the critical investigation of events, developments and experiences of the past,
the careful weighing of evidence of the validity of sources of information on the
past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence.
Primary sources are eye witness accounts. They are reported by an actual
observer or participant in an event.
Secondary sources of data are the reports of a person who relates the
testimony of an actual witness or participant in an event.
2. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
It describes the population’s characteristics. It is also called exploratory or
normative survey type of research. It includes:
Qualitative research - generates non-numerical data.
o Case Study
o Content analysis
METHOD OF
RESEARCH
o Ethnographic research
Quantitative research- quantitative research generates numerical data or information that
can be converted into numbers.
o Survey research
o Cross-sectional survey
o Longitudinal survey
o Cohort study
o Correlational research
o Panel research
3. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH- relationship between sets of data.
4. EX POST FACTO RESEARCH- no direct control of variables..
5. EVALUATION RESEARCH- judge the value , worth or merit of program, books, curriculum.
6. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH- study conducted in the laboratory.
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL
FORMAT
Title:
Team Members:
Statement of the Problem: (At least 3 statement)
Objectives: (Should respond in every statement of the
problem)
Research Project Description:
Significance of the Study:
Methodology:
References/Review of Related Literatures: (2 references
related to your study).
Time Frame:
Budget: