ADMIXTURE

• Admixtures are formulated chemical compound that are used to

modify certain properties of concrete.
• Admixtures are the materials, other than

Sand
Cement
Aggregates
Water
 TYPES OF ADMIXTURE

CHEMICAL MINERAL
ADMIXTURE ADMIXTURE

 CEMENTITIOUS
 PLASTICIZERS
• BLAST FURNACE SLAG
 SUPER PLASTICIZERS
 POZZOLANIC
 ACCELERATORS
• FLYASH
 SET RETARDERS
• SILICA FUME

• RICE HUSK
 MINERAL
ADMIXTURES
Source of Mineral Admixtures

a) Raw or calcined natural minerals

b) Industrial by products
 ENERGY SAVINGS

ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY

ECONOMIC BENEFIT

TECHNOLOGICAL
BENEFITS
 TYPES OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES
CEMENTITIOUS POZZOLANIC

GROUND FLY ASH

GRANULATED BLAST
FURNACE SLAG
SILICA FUME

RICE HUSK ASH

CEMENTITIOUS

The materials which have some cementitious properties in itself.

• is the granular material formed when molten iron blast

Ground Granulated Blast
furnace slag (a by-product of iron and steel making) is rapidly
Furnace Slag (GGBFS)
chilled (quenched) by immersion in water.
 POZZOLANIC

• is a material which, when combined with calcium hydroxide (lime), exhibits

cementitious properties.
o Siliceous and aluminous material

o Little or no cementitious value

FLY ASH

The finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal.

Classification of fly ash and natural pozzolans

• Class N: Raw or calcined natural pozzolans, e.g. diatomaceous earths, opaline cherts and
shales, ruffs and volcanic ashes, & some calcined clays and shales
• Class F: Fly ash with pozzolan properties
• Class C: Fly ash with pozzolan and cementitious properties
SILICA FUME

extracted from the exhaust gases of silicon, ferrosilicon and other

metal alloy furnaces.
It has been found that Silica Fume improves compressive strength, bond strength,
and abrasion resistance; reduces permeability of concrete to chloride ions; and
therefore helps in protecting reinforcing steel from corrosion, especially in chloride-
rich environments such as coastal regions.

RICE HUSK ASH

This is a bio waste from the husk left from the

grains of rice. It is used as a pozzolanic material
in cement to increase durability and strength.
Table: Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Fresh Concrete

Quality Measure Effect

Water Fly ash reduces water requirements

Requirements Silica fume increases water requirements

Fly ash and silica fume reduce air content

Air Content
It can be avoided by increasing air-entrainer.

Fly ash, ground slag, and inert materials generally increases workability. Silica fume
Workability
reduces workability; compensate by using super-plasticizers.

Fly ash reduces heat of hydration. Silica fume may not affect, but superplasticizers
Hydration
used with silica fume can increase heat.

Fly ash, natural pozzolans, and blast furnace slag increase set time; Can
Set Time
compensate by using accelerator.
Table: Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Hardened Concrete

Quality Measure Effect

Fly ash increases the ultimate strength but reduces rate of strength gain. Silica
Strength
fume has less effect on rate of strength gain than pozzolans.

Drying shrinkage and Low concentrations usually have single effect. High concentrations of ground
creep slag or fly ash may increase shrinkage. Silica fume may reduce shrinkage.

Permeability and Generally reduced permeability and absorption.

absorption Silica fume is especially effective.

Alkali-aggregate Generally reduced reactivity, extend of improvement depends on type of

reactivity admixture.

Sulfate resistance Improved due to reduced permeability.

 CHEMICAL
ADMIXTURES
  An admixture which either increases workability of
freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasing
water content or maintains workability with a reduced
amount of water
 are chemical products that when added to concrete can
create a desired SLUMP at a lower water-cement ratio than
what it is normally designed.
 are used to obtain specific concrete strength using lower cement content.

Chemical Types for Plasticizer:

a) Calcium or sodium salt of lignosulfonic acid
b) Poly carboxylic acid
Why Water Reducing Admixtures are used?

 Effect on durability

 Effect on shrinkage

 Effect on creep

 Detrimental effect
 PLASTICIZER (Water Reducers)
Amount used
Plasticizer are used in the amount of
0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement.
Limitations
A good plasticizer is one which does
not cause air-entertainment in
concrete more than 1 or 2%
Result - Effect
At constant workability
- The reduction in mixing water is
expected to be the order of 5% to
15%
- Naturally increase the strength
At Constant water-cement ratio
- Increased workability
- Slump of 30mm to 150mm
APPLICATION
 Also known as High Range Water-Reducing Admixtures in Concrete

 The main purpose of using super plasticizers is to produce flowing

concrete with a high slump in the range of seven to nine inches.
a) At a given water-cement ratio, this admixture increases the workability, typically by raising
the slump from 75 mm to 200 mm.

b) The second use of this admixtures is in the production of concrete of normal workability
but with an extreme high strength

c) Reduce water consumption and increase the strength of concrete and improve the durability
or reduce unit dosage od cement, saving the cement.
The main BENEFITS of super plasticizers can be summarized as follows:

 Increased fluidity
 Reduced Water-Cement ratio
 Reduced shrinkage, especially if combined with reduced cement content.
 Improved durability by removing water to reduce permeability and diffusion
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
  Speed the set-time of mixture, enabling finishing the operation is to begin sooner, useful during
cold weather pours.

 An admixture which, when added to concrete, mortar, or grout it will :

 increases the rate of hydration of hydraulic cement

 shortens the time of set in concrete, or
 increases the rate of hardening or strength development.

 Calcium chloride could be named as the most common accelerator component

 REASONS FOR USING ACCELERATORS:

Reduce the amount of time before finishing operations begin

Reduce curing time

Increase rate of strength gain

Plug leaks under hydraulic pressure efficiently

Offset effect of cold weather

 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
 are used to delay the chemical reaction that takes place when the concrete starts the setting
process.

 are commonly used to reduce the effect of high temperature that could produce a faster
initial setting of concrete.

 are used in concrete pavement construction, allowing more time for finishing ​concrete
pavements
Chemical type for Retarding Concrete Admixture

a) Unrefined lignosulphonates containing sugar, which of course the

component responsible for retardation.
b) Hydroxyl carboxylic acid and their salts
c) Carbohydrates including sugar
d) Soluble zinc
e) Soluble borates
 ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
THANK YOU!