Calophyllum inophyllum L.

– A prospective non-
edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel
production, properties, fatty acid composition,
blending and engine performance

A.E. Atabani, Aldara da Silva César

2014
 Motivation of Paper

 to examine the opportunity of biodiesel

production from Calophyllum inophyllum as a
potential source for future energy supply.
 investigation the potential of Calophyllum
inophyllum as a promising feedstock for biodiesel
production.
 Calophyllum inophyllum appears to be an
acceptable feedstock for future biodiesel
production.
 Literature review

This plant has multiple origins including East Africa, India,

South East Asia, Australia, and the South Pacific.
non-edible oil resources are gaining worldwide attention because
they can be found easily in many parts of the world especially
wastelands that are not appropriate for cultivating food crops,
eliminate competition for food, more efficient, more
environmentally friendly, produce useful by- products and they are
more economical compared to edible oils.

“Indonesia have many nyamplung

spreads especially in coastal areas,
grow in sandy that is marginal and
tolerant of salinity and soil with a pH
of 4 to 7.4”

Distribution map of Calophyllum inophyllum around the world

 Advantages of Calophyllum inophyllum
• Calophyllum inophyllum has high survival potency in nature, still
productive up to 50 years.
• It does not compete with food crops.
• Its trees serve as windbreaker at the seashore where it can reduce
abrasion, protect crops and provide ecotourism and conservation of
coastal demarcation.
• It has higher oil yield than Jatropha curcas.
• It has high heating value.
• Its biodiesel meets the US ASTM D6751 and European Union EN 14214
biodiesel standards.
• Its biodiesel can be used as a potential substitute for diesel as other
plant/seed feedstocks have been used or proposed to be used.
• Its biodiesel is compatible with diesel and possesses better lubrication
capability.
 About paper
The Weakness of Paper:
- No effective purification
- Lower TAG
Facet issues for new research:
- nowdays, many methods to get refined oils are any, that is why it is
better to change the new method
 Approaches of the papers
CCIO was entered in a
rotary evaporator and
heated to remove moisture

Material Pre-treatment
preparation process Function: TAG was
converted to methil ester
The seeds were dried under
sunlight for 2-3 days, Reacted with methanol and
separate the kernel from potassium hydroxide
shell, mixed with rice husk,
extraction
Esterification Transesterification
Function: for convert FFA Process
to methyl ester

Used when FFA is greater

than 2%, added methanol
and sulfuric acid, product
Function: remove the
have 2 layer
entrained impurities and
glycerol form methyl ester Post-treatment
Distilled water was sprayed
Process
over the surface of the ester
and stirred gently, dried
using Na2SO4, next rotary
eavaporator
 Thank You
Xie Xie
Matur nuwun
Mator Sakalangkong