 Through electrolysis of brine solution.

 Brine solution : solution of salt (usually

SATURATED sodium chloride) in water.
 Methods: a. Mercury cathode cell
b. Diaphragm cell
 Graphite as anode (oxidation)
 Mercury as cathode (reduction)
 Sodium metal produced at the cathode dissolves in
mercury to form sodium amalgam, Na-Hg
 Na-Hg flows out of the cell into another container
containing water.
 Mercury produced is recycled to be used as the
cathode for the mercury cathode cell which
produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chlorine gas
(Cl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).
 Graphite or titanium as anode (oxidation)
 Steel as cathode (reduction)
ELECTROPLATING
 process of depositing a metal on other substances by
electrolysis.
 The cathode = the object to be electroplated
 The anode = plating metal (chromium, silver or
gold)
 Electrolyte is an aqueous solution of a salt of the plating
metal.

Electroplating of silver.
• Effluent (industrial waste water)
• Contains heavy metal ions like Ni2+, Cr3+ and
Cd2+.
• Electrolysis is used to remove these ions from
polluted water.
• They are more electropositive than H+ ions,
discharged at cathode.
• They reduced to solid metals(deposited on the
cathode of electrolytic cell) filtered off from polluted
water.
Thank you!