Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
& Piping
Plumbing Piping/ Pipeline
No Engineer Engineer
No Hazardous Hazardous
No Vibration Vibration
Production
Maintenance
Operation Engineer
CONSULTANT
( DESIGN)
Pipe Design
Engineer
CONTRACTOR
( CONSTRUCTION)
Piping Site
Engineer
INSPECTOR
(INSPECTION)
NDT
ET
UT LPT
RT MPT VT
Pipe Design Engineer
( Consultant)
PDS Material
PDMS CAESAR ΙΙ Sciences &
SP3D Metallurgy
ORGANISATION CHART
Project Electrical
Manager Structural (5)
(5) (15)
SCOPE OF PIPING
Hydrocarbon Industry
Power Sector
Paper Industry
Alcohol Industry
Chemical Industry
Mining
Piping Layout Engineer
Checking
&
3D Design
Issues
Extraction
Piping Stress
Caesar Support
Calculation Location
Manual
Calculation
Piping Materials
Selection of
Selection of Vendor
Materials
Approval for
Process
License
Difference Between Piping & Pipeline
Piping Pipeline
Confined Area Over Several Kms
For Designing : -
Application :- Application :-
Transfer fluid from one area to Auxiliary systems like internal part
of
another heat exchanger & cooler
High Pressure Low Pressure
Codes & Standards
Codes :-
Standards :-
Step of 1/8” :
1/8” 1/4” 3/8” 1/2”
Step of 1/4” :
3/4” 1” 1 1/4” 1 1/2”
Step of 1/2” :
2” 2 1/2” 3” 3 1/2” 4”
Step of 1” :
5” 6”
Step of 2” :
8” 10” 12” 14”………….
Schedule No. :
schedule no.
ID
OD OD
Nominal Pipe size System (NPS)
Inner Diameter ( ID) is fixed
It represents OD of the pipe
6”
1 1/4” Tube
OD 6.625” OD 1.25”
In NPS System
Outer Diameter
NB / NPS
(OD)
2” 2.375”
3” 3.5”
4” 4.5”
6” 6.625”
8” 8.625”
10” 10.75”
12” 12.75”
14” 14”
Type of Pipe Manufacturing Methods
Seamless Pipe
Electric Resistance Butt
Welding
Spiral Wound Weld
Pipe Joints
Socket Weld Pipe Joints : ( Below 2”)
Advantages Disadvantages
a. Easier alignment than butt
a. The 1/16” recess pocket liquid.
welding
Advantages Disadvantages
a. Most practical way of joining big
a. Weld intrusion will affect flow.
bore pipe.
b. Reliable leak proof.
b. End preparation is necessary.
c. Joint can be radio graphed
Screwed Pipe Joints : (Below 2” )
Advantages Disadvantages
a. Joint may leak when not properly
a. Easily made at site.
seal.
b. Use not permitted by code if severe
erosion, crevice corrosion, shock or
b. Can be used where welding is not vibration is anticipated.
permitted due to fire hazard. c. Strength of pipe is reduced as
threads reduce wall thickness
d. Seal welding may be required.
Flanged End Pipe Joints :
Buttress End & Spigot Socket End Pipe Joints :
E. Stainless Steel
Alloy of Steel :
Aluminum Molybdenum
Boron Nickel
Carbon Phosphorous
Chromium Silicon
Columbium
Sulfur
Copper
Titanium
Iron
Tungsten
Lead
Vanadium
Manganese
Properties of Piping Materials
Yield Strength
Modulus of Elasticity
Ductility
Hardness
Toughness
Physical Properties of Materials
Density
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Specific Heat
Grain Size
Hardenability
Pipe Fittings
Elbow Return
Tee Coupling
Swage Nipple
O-lets
Scraper Tee
Mitre Bends
Blind Flange
Reducer
Elbow
900 Elbow :
Single Line : For 12” & Below Double Line : For 14” & Above
900 Short Radius Elbow 900 Short Radius Elbow Center to
End Distance Dimension
Single Line : For 12” & Below Double Line : For 14” & Above
450 Elbow
Single Line : For 12” & Below Double Line : For 14” & Above
TEE
Straight or Equal Tee
Reducing Tee
Single Line : For 12” & Double Line : For 14” &
Below Above
STUB IN & ON
Stub IN
O
D
Stub ON
ID
O- LETS
WELDOLET : ( 2” & Above)
It is used to make a branch connection from a large bore
header to large bore branch i.e.; both ends of weldolet are butt
welded.
SOCKOLET : ( 2” below )
It is used in a pump suction line to avoid cavitations i.e. the air gets
trapped with the fluid and causes damage to the impeller.
CROSS
It is used to make a two branch connections at same point on
Equal Cross
Reducing Cross
RETURN
It is used to make a 1800 turn in the flow of the fluid. It is similar
Here one end of it is butt welded & the other end is socket
welded or threaded i.e., to make connections between large
bore & small bore pipes .
Union
It is used to join small bore pipes it is either threaded or socket
welded.
SWAGE NIPPLE
It is used as a reducer for connecting big bore to small bore pipes as
well as small bore to small bore pipes.
SCRAPPER TEE
It is used in PIG launcher & PIG receiver line, to avoid entry of PIG
into the branch pipe
CAPS, PLUGS & BLIND FLANGE
Caps :
Blind Flange :
It is used in majority of industrial applications.
FLANGES
B. TYPE
C. FACING
RATING
Steel flanges are available up to #2500, the rating of the flange for a
given material pressure & temperature shall be evaluated as per ASME
B 16.5 for 24” and below, for above 24” ASME B 16.47 is used.
For Ductile Iron flange the rating of the flange shall be evaluated as
per ASME B 16.42.
these flanges are recommended for line sizes 2” & above for
high pressure and high temperature.
B. Slip On Flange :
These are recommended for easier bolt alignment as the flange
can slip on pipe.
These flanges have 2/3rd the strength of weld neck flange under
a same pressure and have 1/3rd the strength of weld neck flange
under same fatigue condition.
C. Socket Weld Flange :
It is recommended up to 2” size.
The main benefit of this type of flange, is that once the pipe
welds to the insert stub-end, the flange then can rotate for
easier alignment of the bolting holes. 4
FACING
A. Flat Face :
Serration
C. Ring Type Joint (RTJ) :
Pressure
Temperature
Nature of Fluid
Type of Flange
Gaskets are Classified into Three Types :
Non- Metallic
Metallic
Semi-Metallic
Non- Metallic ( ASME B 16.21 ) :
a. Synthetic Rubber :
Fluid which can be used are water, air, nitrogen & utility services.
b. Vegetable Fiber :
a. Soft Iron :
It is used for temperature from 2000 to 3000 F, used in any
industry.
Generally used in RTJ flange hence the thickness shall be as per
ASME B 16.20
b. Carbon Steel :
It is used for temperature from 7000 F, used in any industry.
Generally used in RTJ flange hence the thickness shall be as per
ASME B 16.20.
b. Carbon Steel :
It is used for temperature from 7000 F, used in any industry.
Generally used in RTJ flange hence the thickness shall be as per
ASME B 16.20
Semi-Metallic :
These gaskets have inner & outer ring made of metal whrer as the
filler material in between these rings shall be selected based on
temperature of fluid.
In case of Food Processing Industry the inner ring will be SS & the
outer ring can be of any material,.
In case of Other Industries the inner ring will be SS/CS & the outer
ring will be of CS.
TYPE OF BOLTS
The bolts are used for tightening of the flanges. They are of two
types,
A. Stud Bolts :
The stud bolt has threads on both the sides.
B. Machine Bolt :
The machine bolt has threads on one side & head on
other side.
VALVES
Valves are primarily used in piping systems to interrupt, divert or
regulate the flow of fluid.
Depending on the valve function, its operation may be manually
initiated or may be automatically initiated by a signal control device,
or the valve may automatically respond to changing system
condition.
Valves are generally manufactured in standard pressure and
temperature rating in accordance with ANSI/ASME B 16.1, B 16.34,
B16.24 for cast-iron, steel and bronze materials, respectively.
Bonnet : The major pressure sealing element is called as Bonnet. The bonnet can
be classified by three types ;
Ball valve are quarter-turn valves suitable for gas, compressed air,
liquid, and slurry service.
Ball valve have packing glands and packing materials instead of bonnet
& yoke.
The water hammer effect is more since it is lever operated and pressure
drop is more in case of reduce bore ball valve.
It can be used for regulation purpose but not for prolonged time.
Flanged End Ball Valve
These valves have rubber lining for smoother operation, hence the
name is resilient valve.
Flanged End Butterfly Wafer Butterfly Valve
Valve
NEEDLE VALVE
Spectacle Blind :
For positive isolation of a line Spectacle Blind or a Spade
will be used. For line size below 14” we used spectacle blind.
Spade Blind
Rupture Disc
It is placed ahead of a PSV to prevent the damage of the disc due to
toxic & high pressure fluids.
The rupture disc is always installed a convex portion facing the high
pressure fluid. It is for one time use only.
FLAME ARRESTOR
FA
Distillation Column
Fractionation Column
Gas Scrubber
Chemical Reactor
Tanks
Filter Tanks
Air-Receiver
Distillation Column
There are two types of tank, one is fixed roof tank used for
non volatile liquids, the other is floating roof tank used for
volatile liquids.
It has inner pipe and outer pipe, the inner pipe has
flow through which viscous fluid is passed.
Natural Draught
Forced Draught
Induced Draught
FORCED DRAUGHT
Usually structure mounted with a fan arrangement at
the bottom.
The no. of runs or fans are even the inlet and outlet
are on the same side, if the no. of runs or fans are odd
the inlet and outlet are on either side.