INTAKE AND

INDUCTION SYTEM
 INTAKE SYSTEM
The intake system is responsible for delivering
oxygen, which is necessary for combustion. An
intake system generally comprises an air filter, a
throttle, and passageways for air to reach the
cylinders themselves.
There are several main types of intake systems.
Carbureted, Fuel Injected, Naturally Aspirated,
and Forced Induction.
PARTS OF INTAKE SYSTEM

Air Filter
Mass Air Flow Sensor
Throttle Body
Air Filter

 It forms an important part of a vehicle’s intake

system through which the engine breathes. Any
engine requires a mixture of air and fuel in order
to run , and all the air first enters the system
through air filter . Air filter is located in a
compartment of an air duct under the hood car.
Mass Air Flow Sensor

 This part of the air intake system is used to

measure the mass of air that enters the fuel-
injected internal combustion engine .Two
common type of airflow sensors are in use
for automobile engines.
 The hot wire and the vane meter
Throttle Body

 It controls amount of air entering the engine’s combustion chamber.

It is located near the mass flow sensor and in between the intake
manifold and air filter box.
 Working procedure of an air intake system. In a carburetor
equipped engine, the air comes in to air filter space.
 INDUCTION SYSTEM

The system that brings the fuel-air mixture

to the cylinders . It includes the carburetor
or fuel injection system, intake manifold
, intake ports , and intake valves .
Parts of Induction System

 Ducting- located at the front of the car, running to the Air Box.
 Air Box- air is channelled into this box and is filtered by a Air Filter.
 Air Filter- this can be a paper or foam element, which removes
debris from the airflow
 MAF (Metered Air Flow)- a device which measures the amount of
airflow entering the Induction System, this updates the ECU to
modify Fuel supply.
 Throttle Body- these devices control the amount of air entering the
Intake Manifold, normally by ways of a cable linked to the Throttle
Pedal in the driver foot well.
 Air Valve- normally used to bypass the throttle bodies, when the
engine is idling.
 Air Intake Chamber- this is where the air is channelled until be
distributed to the individual Intake Manifolds. Single-Point Fuel
Injection would add Fuel at this point.
 Intake Manifold- air is split to each individual Cylinder and
Combustion chamber. Multi-Point Fuel Injection would add Fuel at
this point.
 Intake Valve- this is a opening into the Engine Cylinder controlled by
the camshaft, which is linked to the crankshaft.
 Cylinder and Combustion Chamber- this is where the Fuel and Air
mixture is drawn into the engine ready for the compression stroke.
Direct Fuel Injection would add the fuel at this point.
Forced Induction System

 Forced induction system is the process of

delivering compressed air to the intake of
an internal combustion engine. A forced induction
engine uses a gas compressor to increase the
pressure, temperature and density of the air. An
engine without forced induction is considered
a naturally aspirated engine.
Types of Induction System

1.)Super Chargers
 Centrifugal Super Chargers
 Positive Displacement Super Chargers
2.)Turbo Chargers
Super chargers

 Superchargers can come in a number of different designs and are

mechanical driven units. These can be Belt, Direct Drive, Gear Drive,
Chain Drive and Electrical Drive driven systems.
 so adding a Supercharger is more straight forward then a
Turbocharger installation due to no engineering work needed to the
exhaust system. Also service maintenance for these units are less
extensive. Instant throttle response and the most cost effective
increase in power are achieved with these units.
 here are two types of units used commonly in most production cars
Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Superchargers.

Centrifugal Super Chargers


Centrifugal Superchargers provide power gains by increasing
volumetric air intake to more then atmospheric pressure. With more
compressed air entering the combustion chamber, more fuel can
be added resulting in a increase in engine power.
 This type of Supercharger will result in more boost and power gains
higher up in the engines Rpm range, resulting with maximum power
at the top of the Rev range. Little to no power gains are likely to
happen lower down the engine Rev range, so careful application
will be required.
Positive Displacement Super Chargers


Positive Displacement Superchargers different from Centrifugal set
ups, by delivering a more broad power distribution across the entire
Engine Rev range. With the majority of power delivery in the lower to
Mid range engine Rev range. Their is a more direct feel in terms of
throttle response and no need to wait for any lag or spooling up.
 Using engine torque generated from the rotational mass of the
internal crank pulley to drive the Supercharger mechanically, this is
connected to a air compressor. The Super-charger actually takes
engine power to work, but produces an increase in power as a
result.
Turbo Chargers

 Another one of the methods to boost engine power is called a

Turbocharger (turbo). It uses exhaust gases exiting the engine to
drive a set of propeller fins or a turbine to increase volumetric air
intake pressures. More air at a greater pressure equals more fuel
being efficiently burnt and more power produced by the engine.
 Another great reason to turbo charge a vehicle rather then fitting a
larger engine in the first place, is the fact that from a weight point of
view, smaller displacement engines can be used. Apart from weight
savings, we are seeing more and more eco-friendly cars adopt this
technology as a way to decrease engine size, while retaining
engine power outputs.
Perfomance Test of Engine Crankcase
Ventilation
PALAGAY VIDEO PRES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kt5ub
cQaK0
ENGINE INTAKE MANIFOLD DESIGN
Single-Plane Design
 A single-plane manifold feeds all eight cylinders
from a common plenum.
Dual Plane Design

 This design contemplates two different levels (planes) to which

runner sets connect with a common volume (plenum). Both V-type
and inline cylinder arrangements can accommodate a two-plane (or
single-plane) concept. Whether such a plenum is partially or fully
divided, these manifolds are usually noted for volumetric efficiency
boosts in an rpm span somewhat lower than a single-plane design.
Example:
Primary Design Parameters

 To realize the primary design goal of

providing equivalent amounts of air to each
cylinder, there are several objectives to
consider when designing an intake manifold:
Primary Design Parameters

 • Minimize pressure loss, as pressure loss results in a

decrease in output power.
 • Maintain equal static pressure distribution in the
plenum, as this will cause the cylinders to pull the same
vacuum, thus leading to even flow in each cylinder.
 • Minimize bends and sudden changes in geometry, as
these geometric affects can cause pressure loss.
Primary Design Parameters

 Maximize air velocity into the cylinder, as this

provides a better mixture of fuel and air, which
results in better combustion and performance.
 • Minimize the mass of the system; a common
goal of every subsystem of the vehicle.