BSED Major in English Language and Literature (MAGNA

CUM LAUDE)
Master of Arts in Educational Management
Language/ Literature Instructor, MQCPI
Secondary English Teacher, Betis High School
Disk Jockey, 102.3 Kiss FM
 Introduction
toLiterature
withPhilippine
 “Litera” – Latin
word which literally
means an

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It is a body of work, either
written, oral, or visual,
containing imaginative
language that realistically
portrays thought,
emotions, and
experiences of the
human condition.
 is a product of particular culture
that concretizes man’s array of
values, emotions, actions and
ideas. It is therefore a creation of
human experiences that tells about
people and their world.
 Formalistic or Literary
Approach
The study of the selection is
more or less based on the so-
called “literary elements”.
 Moral or Humanistic Approach
 Literature is viewed to discuss man and its
nature.
 It presents man as essentially rational; that
is, endowed with intellect and free will; or
that the piece does not misinterpret the
true nature of man.
 The approach is close to the “morality” of
literature, to questions of ethical goodness
or badness.
 Historical Approach
Literature is seen both as a reflection
and product of the times and
circumstances in which it was
written.
 Sociological Approach Literature
Viewed as the expression of man
within a given social situation
which is reduced to discussions on
economy which will underscore
the conflict between the two
classes- the rich and the poor.
 Cultural Approach
Literature is seen as one of the
manifestations and vehicles of a
nation’s or race’s culture and
tradition. It includes the entire
compels of what goes under
“culture”
 Psychological Approach
Literature is viewed as the expression of
“personality,” of “inner drives” or “neurosis”. It
includes the psychology of the author, of the
characters, and even the psychology of
creation.
It has resulted in an almost exhausting and
exhaustive “psychological analysis” of
characters, of symbols and images, of
recurrent themes, and others.
 Impressionistic Approach
Literature is viewed to elucidate
“reacting- response” which is considered
as something very personal, relative and
fruitful. Unconditioned by explanations
and often taking the impact of the piece
as a whole, it seeks to see how the piece
has communicated.
1. The Holy Bible (Sacred
Writing)
2. The Qur’an
3. Iliad and Odyssey
4. The Canterbury Tales
5. The Divine Comedy
6. El Cid
7. Song of Roland
8. The Book of the Dead
9. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
10. One Thousand and One
Nights (Arabian Nights)