The Philippine Architecture

(Source: https://www.e-architect.co.uk/philippines/philippine-arena-manila)
Architecture
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines)
 Photo Source : Google Sensei

Philippine Architecture:
• Prehistoric Iron Age
• Classical period
• Spanish Colonial Era
• American period
• Post-World War II Era
• The New Millennium
 Prehistoric Iron Age
https://www.thepoortraveler.net/2012/06/banaue-rice-terraces-ifugao/
 Classical period
• Early Classical houses were
characterized by rectangular
structures elevated on stilt foundations
and covered by voluminous thatched
roofs ornamented with gable-finials
and its structure could be lifted as a
whole and carried to a new site.
Examples include
the Ifugao House, Bahay kubo and the
Royal Nobilities' Torogan.

http://www.banaue-tours.com/blogging/ifugao-houses/
 House structures
• Thatching is the craft of building
• Early
a roofpre-Hispanic housesuch
with dry vegetation were
characterized
as straw, waterby rectangular
reed, sedge
structures (Cladium
elevated on stilt
mariscus), rushes,
foundations heather,by
and covered
or palm fronds,
voluminous layering
thatched the
roofs
vegetation so as to shed water
ornamented with gable finials
away from the inner roof. Since
and its structure can be lifted
the bulk of the vegetation stays
asdry
a and
whole and carried
is densely to a
packed—
new site. air—thatching also
trapping
functions as insulation

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/44979708150517
5343/
 Bahay Kubo and Traditional
Tausug stilt house
• The bahay kubo is the term for huts
built out of nipa. These types of
edifices were characteristic of the way
that indigenous people of the
Philippines built homes prior to the
arrival of the Spanish colonizers.

• In the Sulu archipelago, native houses are

diverse. The stilt houses of the Tausug
people are adapted to a coastal lifestyle.
Traditional Tausug stilt houses have
recognizable 'horns' on the roof, the only
architectural style in the country to possess
such a roof style. Inland Tausug architecture
is similar, but have bases similar to the
bahay kubo.
 Mosques
• With the arrival of Islam
in Mindanao, Mosques,
masjids were extensively
built, an example being
the Sheik Karimol
Makdum
Mosque in Simunul, Tawi-
Tawi
 Spanish Colonial Era
• The arrival of the Spaniards in 1571 brought
in European colonial architecture to the
Philippines. Though not specifically suited
for the hot tropics, European architecture
was transposed via Acapulco, Mexico into a
uniquely Filipino style.
• Since the Spaniards brought Christianity to
the islands, they created the need to
establish religious structures to support the
growing number of religious organizations.
Some of the best preserved colonial
churches in the country are found in
the Ilocos Region, as well as those in the
provinces
of Laguna, Batangas, Cebu and Bohol.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calle_Crisologo,_Vigan_Il
ocos_Sur.JPG
 Bahay na bato
• In this era, the nipa hut or bahay
kubo gave way to the Bahay na
bato (stone house) and became
the typical house of noble
Filipinos. The Bahay na bato, the
colonial Filipino house, followed
the nipa hut's arrangements such
as open ventilation and elevated
apartments. The most obvious
difference between the two
houses would be the materials
that was used to build them.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LasCasasFilipinasdeA%C3%A7%C3%BAzarjf6770_0
9.JPG
 https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6199/6122685571_89874cbdcc_b.j
pg

• In 1544 the Franciscans built the

first hospital in the Philippines,
Hospital Real.
• The 1573 royal ordinances of
King Philip II, known as Laws of
the Indies was prescibed and
stated that every town was to
have a gridiron design (cuadricula)
with a central square (plaza)
 Defense fortress and Churches
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manilajf8528_29.JPG
• Intramuros is the old walled city
of Manila along the south bank of
the Pasig River.
• Fort Santiago is a defense
fortress established by
Spanish conquistador, Miguel
López de Legazpi. The fort is
the citadel of the walled city
of Intramuros, in Manila.
 Church
•
• San Agustín Church and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Agustin_01.jpg

Monastery, built between

1587 and 1606, is one of
the oldest churches in
the Philippines, and the
only building left intact
after the destruction
of Intramuros during
the Battle of Manila
(1945).
 American period
•
• With the arrival of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph-mm-manila-ermita-rizal_park-
old_finance_bldg._(national_museum_annex)_(2014).JPG

the Americans in 1898 came a

new breed of architectural
structures in the Philippines.
Foremost of the American
contributions to the country was
the establishment of civil
government. This led to the
erection of government buildings
from the city all the way to the
municipal level. Designed in the
most respectable manner, these
government houses
resembled Greek or Roman
architecture.
 • cubeta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baguio_Burnham_Park_l
• Sanitary Barrio
agoon_2018.jpg
• The Kahn system of concrete
reinforcement and concrete hollow
blocks.
• The use of termite-resistive Philippine
hardwood.
• The concept of mass fabrication of
standard building types
• Daniel H. Burnham, the father of the City
Beautiful movement, was commissioned
to design master plans for Manila and
Baguio. Burnham endorsed the
appointment of Beaux Arts-trained
William Parsons as Consulting Architect
(1905-1914) whose contribution to local
architecture includes

• The Kahn system of concrete reinforcement and

concrete hollow blocks.
• The use of termite-resistive Philippine hardwood.
• The concept of mass fabrication of standard building
types
 Art Deco buildings
• During the rise of cinema • https://en.wikipedia.org/
in the Philippines as a
form of recreation,
several theaters were
constructed in the 1930s
to 1950s in the Art
Decostyle designed by
prominent architects now
recognized as National
Artists.

Manila Metropolitan Theater.

• The aftermath of World War II brought major destruction especially in the
capital city of Manila and a time of rebuilding ensued. The modern era dawned
on Philippine architecture using the simple straight lines of the International
Modern Style as a chief mode of expression

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
 Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex

• The Cultural Center of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Philippines Complex is home
to the National Theater
(Tanghalang Pambansa). The
theater is the centerpiece of
the 77 hectare (190 acres) arts
and culture complex located
along Roxas
Boulevard in Manila.
 Space Age aesthetics and Soft
modernism
https://en.wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org

Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Jose Zaragoza’s Union Church

 https://farm5.staticflickr.com/

• In the 1950’s the height of buildings

was limited to 30 meters by law. With
the amendment of Manila ordinance
No. 4131, a high-rise fever redefined
Manila’s skyline:

• Cesar Concio’s Insular Life Building,

the 1st office building to surpass the
old 30-meter height restriction

Angel Nakpil’s 12-storey Picache

Building, considered as the 1st
skyscraper in the Phils.
 The New Millennium
• Exemplified by the garish
application paste colors
and the mixing and
matching of ornaments
and styles.
• Skyscrapers adopted the
tripartite division of
columnar architecture
(Tower-on-the-Podium)
the podium, the shaft,
and the crown.
http://www.yenbaet.com/
 Pacific Plaza Tower

• Rise of master-planned micro-cities

like Bay City, Eastwood City, Fort
Bonifacio Global City and Rockwell
Materials
Center. such
Retail as reflective
environments SMblue
Mall
glass or aquamarine curtain
of Asia, Gateway Mall, Trinoma, and
walls, aluminum
Greenbelt Mall: andcladding,
gated
metallic sun-visors,
communities andpretensions.
of suburban metal
• mullions
Global are mainstays
architectural of
firms bestow
“designer
millenniumlabels” to Mega-structures
skyscrapers.
like
– Michael Graves’s - World Trade
Exchange
– I.M. Pei’s – Essensa Towers
– Arquitectonica’s – Pacific Plaza Tower
– KPF Associates’ – LKG Tower
– SOM’s – RCBC Yuchengco Tower

https://d38dwrpoohadw1.cloudfront.net/