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A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the
generation of electrical energy is known as diesel power station.
Diesel power plant
Introduction:
They are used as standby sets for continuity of supply such as hospitals,
telephone exchanges, radio stations, cinema theatres and industries.
They are suitable for mobile power generation and widely used in railways
and ships.
Intake stroke
Piston moving down
Intake valve open
Exhaust valve closed
Four stroke cycle theory
Compression stroke
Piston moving up
Intake valve closed
Exhaust valve closed
Four stroke cycle theory
Power stroke
Piston moving down
Intake valve closed
Exhaust valve closed
Four stroke cycle theory
Exhaust stroke
Piston moving up
Intake valve closed
Exhaust valve open
Four Stroke Cycle Animation
Four-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine
• The piston travels from one end of the cylinder to the other four times during
each cycle.
• The fuel is ignited at the beginning of the third stroke of each cycle.
• Intake air flows into each cylinder through intake valves in the cylinder head.
• On the intake stroke, atmospheric pressure pushes air into the cylinder through
the intake valve.
• The exhaust stroke forces burned gases out through the exhaust valve.
• During the compression and power strokes, both valves are closed.
Diesel Animation
Useful\Dieselcycle 4 s.swf
Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine
• They have only two strokes per cycle.
Useful\two-stroke.swf
Difference between 2S and 4S Engine
Advantages & Disadvantages
to a 4-Stroke Cycle Engine
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Crankcase
Reed valve
Piston
Connecting Crankshaft
Intake port
Rod
Transfer port
Diesel
Plant Layout of DPP
Schematic Layout of a Diesel power plant
The essential components of a Diesel Electric Plant are: (1) Engine (2) Engine air intake system
(3) Engine fuel system (4) Engine exhausts system (5) Engine cooling system
(6) Engine lubrication system (7) Engine starting system.
Useful\MAN Diesel Powerplant Medium.flv.flv
Engine Related Terms
• TDC (top dead center)
• BDC (bottom dead center)
• Stroke
• Bore
• Revolution
• Compression Ratio
• Displacement
• Cycle
Useful\Diesel engine.mp4
Diesel Engine
In this system, the injection pump and injector are combined into one unit
and are driven by the overhead camshaft. The plunger is a part of the
injector. Pressurization, timing, and metering of the fuel all take place in
the unit injector. An engine with this system has one unit injector for each
cylinder.
Natural Circulation
Forced Circulation
Useful\Cooling system.mp4
Liquid cooling System cont….
Liquid Cooling System
Lubrication System
Need for Lubrication
In an I.C. engine, moving parts rub against each other causing frictional force. Due to the
frictional force, heat is generated and the engine parts wear easily. Power is also lost due to
friction, since more power is required to drive an engine having more friction between rubbing
surfaces.
To reduce the power lost and also wear and tear of the moving part substance called lubricant is
introduced between, the rubbing surfaces.
Function of Lubrication
(a) Lubricant reduces friction between moving part
(b) It reduces wear and tear of the moving parts.
(c) It minimizes power loss due to friction.
(d) It provides cooling effect. While lubricating it also carries some heat from the moving parts
and delivers it to the surroundings through the bottom of the engine (crank case).
(e) It helps reduce noise created by the moving parts.
Piston skirt
Crosshead, crosshead
bearing (reciprocating)
Oil pumped at
a certain
pressure Connecting rod
TG PG
ENGINE Shaft
Bearings
PG
Cooler
TG
PG
Disadvantage
(i) If the added oil is less, there will not be sufficient lubrication and even result in
seizure of the engine, (ii) If the added oil is more, it will lead to excess exhaust
smoke and carbon deposits in the cylinder, exhaust parts and spark plugs.
Splash Lubrication system
As the engine is operating, dippers on the ends of the connecting rods enter the oil
supply, pick up sufficient oil to lubricate the connecting-rod bearing, and splash oil to
the upper parts of the engine. The oil is thrown up as droplets, or fine spray, which
lubricates the cylinder walls, piston pins and valve mechanism.
Useful\Splash Lubrication.mp4
Splash type lubrication
Connecting rod
Crank pin, bottom end
bearing (rotatory
motion) Journal, journal bearing
(rotatory motion)
Web extension
Web
Oil
Useful\Crankshaft oil lubrication simulation.mp4
Pressure feed lubrication system
In the pressure-feed
system, oil is forced by
the oil pump through
oil lines and drilled
passageways. The oil,
passing through the
drilled passageways
under pressure, supplies
the necessary
lubrication for the
crankshaft main
bearings, the
connecting-rod bearings
piston-pin bushings,
camshaft bearings,
Useful\Pressure Lubricated Air Compressor Pump.mp4 valve lifters, valve push
rods, and rocker studs.
Useful\Pressure_System.flv.mp4
Splash and Pressure feed Lubrication system
In a combination splash and force feed, oil is delivered to some parts by means of
splashing and other parts through oil passages under pressure from the oil pump.
The oil from the pump flows to the main bearings and camshaft bearings. The
main bearings have oil-feed holes or grooves that feed oil into drilled passages in
the crankshaft. The oil flows through these passages to the connecting rod
bearings. From there, on some engines, it flows through holes drilled in the
connecting rods to the piston-pin bearings.
Dry sump lubrication system
Dry Sump engines carry their oil in an oil tank that is separate from the engine. This
can be an actual tank or inside of the tubes of the frame. This engine lubrication type
uses two oil pumps. One to pump oil to the engine, where it lubes everything and
then drops to the bottom of the engine. From there, the second or scavenge pump
pumps the oil back to the oil tank. Sometimes the scavenge pump also pumps oil to
the transmission, valves and other places in the engine. The scavenge pump is twice
as big as the main oil pump. Useful\16-Dry Sump Oil Tank.swf.mp4
Staring System