Calculo integral

Rafael Martínez Fonseca

 Cálculo integral
𝐹
𝑓 Derivada 𝑓𝑓Ꞌ Def. Antiderivada: La función F es una antiderivada de 𝑓 si 𝐹 Ꞌ = 𝑓
Ejemplo:
Antiderivada F 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 𝐸𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑥 = cos 𝑥

𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐹 Ꞌ (𝑥) = (sin 𝑥 ) Ꞌ = cos 𝑥

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 ( Regla del producto) 𝑓 𝑥 F 𝑥 3𝑥 2

ℎ 𝑥 =
1 𝑥 2
𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 ( Regla de la cadena)
3𝑥 2 3𝑥 2
sec 2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 = +3 𝐹 𝑥 = +𝐶
2 2
3𝑥 2
3𝑥 3𝑥 2 Infinitas
2 𝑗 𝑥 = + 𝜋3 antiderivadas
2

►El conjunto de todas las expresiones F(x) + C que son primitivas de f(x) se denominan : Integral indefinida ( simplemente integral)

Diferencial de la integral (Variable dominio)

න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑥 + 𝐶 Constante de integración
(Determina las familias)
Integral
Integrando Primitiva de 𝑓 𝑥
 2
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑛+1
𝑥
න 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +C
න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2+1
𝑛+1 +𝐶
2+1

𝑥3
= +𝐶
3
 1
න 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
𝑛+1 1
න 2 𝑑𝑥 =න 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥
𝑥 −𝑛 =
𝑥𝑛

=
𝑥−2 + 1+ 𝐶
−2 + 1
−1
=
𝑥 +𝐶
−1

1
𝑥 +𝐶
=−
 3
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1 1
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C 3
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛+1 = න 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

1 1
+1
𝑛
𝑥= 𝑥𝑛 𝑥 3
= 1
+𝐶
3
1
3
+1
𝑥= 𝑥3
4
𝑥 3
= 4 +𝐶
3
4ൗ
3
= 𝑥 4
3
+𝐶
න 3𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
𝑛+1 න 3𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥 = න 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 5 𝑑𝑥

න 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝐶)
= 3 න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 5 න 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2
=3 ( + 𝐶1 ) + 5 (𝑥 + 𝐶2 )
2

3
= 𝑥 2 +3𝐶 1 + 5𝑥 +5𝐶2
2
3
= 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 +𝐶
2
න 4 3 2
5𝑥 +8𝑥 +9𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 7 𝑑𝑥
 Cálculo integral

න 5𝑥 4 +8𝑥 3 +9𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7 𝑑𝑥 𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
𝑛+1

න 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + න 8𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + න 9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − න 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 7𝑑𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝐶)

5 න 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + 8 න 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 9 න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2 න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +7 න 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 4+1 𝑥 3+1 𝑥 2+1 𝑥 1+1

5∙ +8∙ +9∙ −2 ∙ + 7(𝑥 + 𝐶)
4+1 3+1 2+1 1+1
𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
5∙ +8∙ +9∙ −2 ∙ + 7𝑥 + 𝐶
5 4 3 2

𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 𝐶
 1
න 𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1 1 1 1 1 3 1
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C −1 −
𝑛+1 න 𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥2 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥 𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝐶) 3 1 3 1
− −
= න 𝑥2 +𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 +න𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑛
𝑥= 𝑥𝑛
1 3 1
𝑥 −𝑛 = +1 −2+1
𝑥𝑛 =
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥
+ 𝐶2
3 1
+1 − +1
2 2
5 1

= 𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶2
5 1
2 2

5
1
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2
5
 2
5𝑡 + 7
න 4ൗ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 3
 Cálculo integral
𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑛
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C 5𝑡 2 + 7
𝑛+1 න 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 ൗ3
න 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝐶)

1
𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑛
1 1 1 3 1
1 −1 −
𝑥 −𝑛 = 𝑛 = න 𝑥 2 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 න 𝑥 + 𝑥 2
2
𝑥 𝑥 =
3 1 3 1
− −
= න 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

3 1
+1 −2+1
=
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥
+ 𝐶2
3 1
+1 − +1
2 2
5 1

= 𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶2
5 1
2 2
 2
න(3𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 5𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 Cálculo integral
𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑛
න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C 5𝑡 2 + 7
𝑛+1 න 4 𝑑𝑡 1 1 1
𝑡 ൗ3 = න 𝑥2 𝑥+ 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 2 𝑥 + 𝑥 −1 𝑑
න 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝐶) 𝑥
1 3 1 3 1
𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑛 − −
= න 𝑥2 +𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 +න𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 −𝑛 =
𝑥𝑛
3 1
+1 −2+1
=
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥
+ 𝐶2
3 1
+1 − +1
2 2
5 1

= 𝑥 2
+ 𝐶1 +
𝑥 2
+ 𝐶2
5 1
2 2

5
1
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2
5