OSTEICHTHYES

(BONY FISHES)

By :
Fitriyah, M.Si

Biology Department - Science and Technology Faculty - Islamic State University of Malang
 Bony Fishes

Classification of Osteichthyes

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Sub Phylum Vertebrata
Class Osteichthyes
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 Bony Fishes

Changes in Classification
Bony fish were first classified under aquatic by Aristotle. Then
Carlous Linnaeus changed the classification world and
classified animals by structural characteristics. Since being
classified under aquatic, fish have been separated into
kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata and class:
Chondrichthyes or Osteichthyes. This system is much more
organized then the original system created by Aristotle.
There have been no large changes other then this to the
classification of bony fish.
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Introduction – Taxon Characteristics

1. Found in all the waters of the world, from surface level to great
ocean depth
2. Have a bony skeleton and are usually covered by scales or bony
plate
3. Swim by means of body undulation and fins
4. The bodies are usually streamlined, but some are grotesque in
shape, especially in the deeper ocean
5. Have a swim bladder
6. Homocercal tail
7. Mouth terminal
8. Two chambered heart
9. External fertilization for most
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The Examples of Bony Fish Species

Aligator Fish
Anguilidae Coelacanth

Cyprinidae
Flying fish
Sea horse

Sargasum Fish
Etc……
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External Anatomy

premaxila

mandible

Maxilla Branchiostengal membrane

(operculum)
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Description of Bony Fish External Anatomy

1. The body is divisible into Head, Trunk and Tail region

2. Fins : two dorsal fins (spinous and soft), a caudal fins, an
anal fin, two lateral pelvic fin and two lateral pelvic fin
3. The skin is covered by the scale
4. Mucous gland are abundant in the skin
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The Body Shape of Osteichthyes

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The Spesific Function of Fins

Dorsal
Increase the vertical
Caudal Locomotor Organ surface of the body and
help balance out the
weight of the fish
Fins Anal

Pectoral As Oars in swimming when the fish is

mowing slowly.It also organs of
Pelvic equilibrium, acting as balances
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Internal Anatomy
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Digestive System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Nervous System and Sense Organ
Reproduction
Review : Comparation between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
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Skeletal System
Exoskeleton Endoskeleton
Scales and Fin Rays Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs, Pectoral
The fin are supported by : bony Girdle and the Interspinous bones
cartilaginous fin rays

Type of Scale :
Supporting the unpaired fins
1. Ctenoid Scale : in the posterior
edge of each scale
2. The Other type :
a. Ganoid scale  in a few
prmitive fish
b. Cycloid scale  nearly
circular with concentric ring
and overlapping like
ctenoid
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The Visceral Skeleton

Composed of Seven paired arches, more or less modified
1 : Mandibular arch forms the Jaw
2 : Hyoid arch, modified as a support for the gill cover
3 – 7 : support the Gill and are known as gill arches

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is comprised of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and fin
associated with them, and by median fin
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Muscular System

Locomotion Respiration Obtaining Food

The movement of the body when swimming are produced by four

longitudinal bands of muscle, one heavy band on each side along the back
and a thinner band on each side of both trunk and tail. These are arranged
segmentally as MYOMERES
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Digestive System

• Digestive System: stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver, pyloric caecae

• Pyloric caecae – slender tubes that secrete digestive enzymes
• Plant eaters = long intestine, Meat eaters = short intestines
• A rudimentary tongue has a function as a tactile organ
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Circulatory System
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Circulatory System
The circulation system of bony fish consists of heart, blood and
blood vessels. This is called a “closed system”. The way this
system works is the veins throughout the whole fish transport blood
to different parts of the body just like a humans circulation system
would.
A fish’s heart only has one ventricle and one atrium. It is a
single loop system. The fish’s heart pumps blood to the gills
then to the body and back to the heart. The heart pumps
deoxidized blood to the gills. It then becomes oxidized and
then goes through the body. The body uses the oxygen from
the blood so it is now deoxidized and sent back to the heart.
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Respiratory System
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Respiratory System
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• Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims.

• Water flows opposite direction of blood flow.
• O2 diffuses from the water into the blood.
• Gills are made of thousands of gill filaments.
• Gills are covered by the Operculum.
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Excretion System

• The kidney lie just beneath the vertebral column in the

abdominal cavity
• The extract urea and other waste product from the blood
• Urinary duct (ureter) carry the excretory matter into urinary
bladder
• urogenital opening , located just posterior to the anus
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Excretion System
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Nervous System and Sense Organ

• Brain & spinal cord

• Brain : Cerebrum, Optic lobes, Cerebelllum and Medulla
• Olfactory sacs or bulbs located on either side of the head
and connected to nostrils (smell)
• Taste buds located in mouths or barbels
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Nervous System and Sense Organ

Vision
• Eyelids are absent
• The cornea is flatened
• The lens is almost spherical
• The pupil is usually larger than in
other vertebrates
• Two olfactories sacs
• Some fishes have dermal barbles Better eyes than chondrichthyes
Fish eyes focus by moving closer
or farther away from subject
Many have color vision
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Nervous System and Sense Organ

Hearing
• Presence of inner ears, consist of
mebranous labyrinth only
• Three semisircular canal, sacculus
complete with the ear stone (otoliths)
• Chambers similar to the lateral line
• Located on either side of the head just
behind the brain
• Can resonate/amplify sound through
swim bladder
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Lateral Line
Detects vibrations in water
Small canals filled with sensory cells
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Reproduction
• The sexes are separated
• External Fertilization
• The single ovary in the female is probably the result of a
fusion of two ovaries in the embryo
•The ovary and the testes lie in the body cavity
• Eggs and sperm pass trough the reproductive duct and out
of the urogenital opening
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Comparisson between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

Comparisson Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

Skeleton
Gills
Tail
Swim bladder
Scale
Locate of Mouth
Fertilization
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Comparisson between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

Comparisson Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

Skeleton Endoskeleton, a few have Endoskeleton and
eksoskeleton Esksoskeleton
Cartilaneous skeleton Bony skleleton
Gills To Exposed to the outside Covered by operculum
Tail Heterocercal Homocercal
Swim bladder Absent Present
Scale Placoid Cycloid
Locate of Mouth Ventral Terminal
Fertilization Internal  Clasper External
Barakallah........

Bony Fishes