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Plattenbau (plural Plattenbauten) is the German word for a building whose structure is
constructed of large, prefabricated concrete slabs.
The word is a compound of Platte (in this context: panel) and Bau (building).
Although Plattenbauten are often considered to be typical of East Germany, the prefabricated
construction method was used extensively in West Germany and elsewhere, particularly in
public housing.
In English it is called large-panel system building or LPS.
Applications:
Schools, Residential Units, Shopping Center, Telephone Booths, Toilets & Bathroom, Police Station
Features:
Highly Durable
Water proof
Termite proof
Most reasonable
High Impact Strength
PREFABRICATED HOUSING
The term 'prefabricated' may refer to buildings built in components (e.g. panels), modules (modular
homes) or transportable sections (manufactured homes), and may also be used to refer to mobile homes.
Although similar in nature, the methods and design of the three can vary wildly.
Modular homes are homes that are created in sections, and then transported to the home site for
construction and installation. These are typically installed and treated like a regular house, for financing,
appraisal and construction purposes, and are usually the most expensive of the three. Although the
sections of the house are prefabricated, the sections, or modules, are put together at the construction
much like a typical home.
Manufactured homes refer to homes that are built onto steel beams, and are transported in complete
sections to the home site, where they are assembled.
Mobile homes are, quite simply, homes built on wheels, that are able to be moved from place to place.
PREFAB BUILDINGS
THE CRYSTAL PALACE, LONDON
First large-scale prefabricated ferrovitreous (iron and glass) structure- designed by
Joseph Paxton
Built in nine months
Built with prefabricated truss & prefabricated iron parts
The interiors of the building The front entrance of the Crystal Palace
PREFAB BUILDINGS
THE DYMAXION HOUSE
Designed by Buckminster Fuller
Emphasized on prefab construction
It has a strong underlying structural agenda and
expresses a seamless transition from wall to
roof in its form.
Built from prefabricated lightweight fiber
components developed from double curvature
geometries that can be assembled on site
Most widely-used form of prefabrication in building and civil engineering is the use of prefabricated
concrete and prefabricated steel sections in structures where a particular part or form is repeated
many times.
Prefabricating steel sections reduces on-site cutting and welding costs as well as the associated
hazards.
Prefabrication techniques are used in the construction of apartment blocks, and housing developments
with repeated housing units.
The technique is also used in office blocks, warehouses and factory buildings.
Prefabricated steel and glass sections are widely used for the exterior of large buildings.
Prefabrication saves engineering time on the construction site in civil engineering projects. This can be
vital to the success of projects such as bridges and avalanche galleries, where weather conditions may
only allow brief periods of construction. Additionally, small, commonly-used structures such as concrete
pylons are in most cases prefabricated.
Modern lattice towers and other services are also commonly assembled of prefabricated elements.
Prefabrication has become widely used in the assembly of aircraft and spacecraft, with components such
as wings and fuselage sections.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USED
Steel
Aluminium
Timber
Asbestos
Concrete
Glass
ADVANTAGES
Self-supporting ready-made components are used, so the need for formwork, shuttering and scaffolding is
greatly reduced.
Construction time is reduced and buildings are completed sooner.
On-site construction and congestion is minimized.
Quality control can be easier in a factory assembly line setting than a construction site setting.
Prefabrication can be located where skilled labor is more readily available and costs of labor, power,
materials, space and overheads are lower.
Time spent in bad weather or hazardous environments at the construction site is minimized.
Less waste may be generated and in a factory setting it may be easier to recycle it back into the
manufacturing process.
Moulds can be used several times.
DISADVANTAGES
Careful handling of prefabricated components such as concrete panels or steel and glass panels is
required.
Attention has to be paid to the strength and corrosion-resistance of the joining of prefabricated sections
to avoid failure of the joint.
Similarly, leaks can form at joints in prefabricated components.
Transportation costs may be higher for voluminous prefabricated sections than for the materials of
which they are made, which can often be packed more efficiently.
Large prefabricated sections require heavy-duty cranes and precision measurement and handling to
place in position.