Advanced Technical Communication Skills II Class

INTRODUCTION OF INDONESIA AND

MASTER RESEARCH

Tokodai, January 28th, 2014

Fakhruddin
D1-Niwa Laboratory

Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental

Graduate School of Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology

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Where is Indonesia?

Indonesia is also called "Nusantara"

(archipelago in between). Consisting
of 17,508 islands and become the
7 hours by plane largest archipelagic country in the
world.
Rank Country Population
1 China 1,298,847,650
2 India 1,065,070,607
3 USA 293,027,571
4 Indonesia 241,452,952

10 Japan 127.333.002

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 Recommendation Place

Jakarta Bali Tana Toraja

Prambanan Temple Borobudur Temple Bromo Mt.

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Yogyakarta, July 19th, 2013

SHEAR REPAIRING AND STRENGTHENING OF RC

BEAMS USING POLYESTER RESIN CONCRETE

A Theses for Master of Engineering Degree

Fakhruddin
11/325071/PTK/07752

Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental

Graduate School of Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

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 A. BACKGROUND
• Indonesian is located in highly seismic areas.
• Current retrofitting methods are relatively
expensive, the process requires special equipments
and skills.

CFRP

Jacketing
External
Epoxy Resin Prestressing 5
Earthquake Zone Map in Indonesia

6
 Collapse Building
Java earthquake 7.7 SR, July 2006 Sumatera earthquake 7.6 SR, 2009

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New method and material for retrofitted
simple building

Cheaper Easier More Simple

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B. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

Optimum Mixture

Shear Capacity

Stiffness and Ductility

Experimental vs Theoritical

Crack Pattern

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 C. PREVIOUS RESEARCH
Author Title Materials
Putra (2013) Physical and mechanical characteristic of polymer Resin SHCP type 2668
concrete using resin content 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% WNC
and 25%.
Syukroni (2013) Physical and mechanical characteristic of polymer Resin SHCP type 2668
mortar using resin content 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and WNC
25%.
Jamshidi and Modified Polyester Resins as an Effective Binder for Unsaturated polyester
Pourkhorshidi (2012) Polymer Concretes resin and modified
polyester resin
Nugraha (2011) Perilaku mekanik sambungan bambu menggunakan Ponal Epoxy
baut dengan pengisi resin
Bărbuţă and Harja Experimental study on the characteristics of polymer Ropoxid (epoxy resin)
(2008) concrete with epoxy resin
Rebeiz, Serhal dan Structural behavior of polymer concrete beam using PET bottles
Fowler (1994) recycled plastic

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 Polyester Resin Concrete(PRC)
Rapid hardening, High mechanical strengths, Improved resistance to chemical attack, and Durability
Typical Range of Properties of Common PC Products
Density Water f’c Tensile Flex. strength Modulus of
Type of binder
(kg/dm) sorption (%) (MPa) strength (MPa) (MPa) Elasticity (GPa)

Poly (methy methacrylate) 2,0-2,4 0,05-0,60 70-210 9-1 30-35 35-40

Polyester 2,0-02,4 0,3-1,0 50-150 8-25 15-45 20-40

Epoxy 2,0-2,4 0,02-1,0 50-150 8-25 15-50 20-40
Foran polymer 1,6-1,7 0,02 48-64 7-8 - -
Portland Cement Concrete 1,9-2,5 5-8 13-35 0,5-3,5 2-8 20-30

Mechanical characteristic of polyester resin SHCP 2668 WNC

Characteristic Remark
Sand
Barcol hardness 28 BHC (Test method ASTM D2583-67)
Elongation at break Elongation at break 3.2% (Test method
Polymer Gravel ASTM D638-72)
Specific gravity 1.13 kg/liter (Test method ASTM D1475)

PRC Flexural strength

Tensile strength
82.4 MPa (Test method ASTM D790)
29.4 MPa (Test method ASTM D638)
Source: product brochure
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 Polyester Resin Concrete(PRC)
Rapid hardening, High mechanical strengths, Improved resistance to chemical attack, and Durability

Mix proportions (Trial mix)

Sand Gravel Polymer Catalyst
Mixture
(kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
PC-10% 990 1414.80 240.48 1.80
PC-15% 935 1336.2 340.68 2.56
PC-20% 880 1257.6 427.52 3.21

100
80 68.94 90
65.55 80

Stress (MPa)
70
60
60
42.50 50
40 40
30 BR.20.1
20 10% 15% 20% 20
BR.20.2
BR.20.3
10
0
0 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
10% 15% 20%
Strain

Compressive strength of PC trial mix Cylinder of PC sample Compressive test of PC 20%

The higher of resin content, the higher of compressive strength at optimum content12
 D. SPECIMEN OUTLINE
2 D 12.22

 5.55-140

250
250

4 D 12.22

700 150
Initial Beam

additional tranverse reinforcement

Code Retrofit Material

BN Normal concrete f’c 20 MPa
BR-20A Polymer concrete 20% with additional
shear reinforcement
a.Retrofitted beam BN-ii b. Retrofitted beam BR-20A-ii
BR-20 Polymer concrete 20%

Remark:
Normal concrete (old)
Meaning of the specimen name
Normal concrete (new)
Poliester resin concrete
BR-20A-ii
c. Retrofitted beam BR-20-ii Loading step
Resin content
Retrofitted Beams 13
Material
E. SETUP & INSTRUMENTATIONS

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 F. INITIALS BEAM PREPARATION

FORMWORK STRAIN GAUGE CASTING

FRESH CONCRETE CURING PAINTING

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G. Casting process of Polyester Resin Concrete

Retrofitted beam BN-ii

Retrofitted beam BR-20A-ii

Retrofitted beam BR-20-ii

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 H. LOAD-MID SPAN DEFLECTION RELATIONSHIP
140 500
120
400
100
Load (kN)

Load (kN)
80 300
60 BN-i 200 BR-20A-i
40 BN-ii
BR-20A-ii
20 100
0 0
0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 8 10
Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)

350
500
300 436.9
400
250 311.68

Load (kN)
200 300
Load (kN)

200.8
150 200 164.7
BR-20-i 125.5
100
BR-20-ii 100
50 25.1
0
0 BN BR-20A BR-20
0 2 4 6 8 10
Displacement (mm) Initial beams Retrofitted beams

Peak load increased by retrofitted using resin concrete 17

 J. CRACK PATTERN
Crack pattern of beam BN Crack pattern of beam BR-20A

Sisi Utara Sisi Utara Sisi Utara Sisi Utara

Left side Left side Left side Left side

Sisi Selatan Sisi Selatan Sisi Selatan Sisi Selatan

Right side Right side Right side Right side
BN-i BN-ii BR-20A-i BR-20A-ii

Crack pattern of beam BR-20

The crack width of initial beams BN-i, BR-20A-i and
BR-20-i were measured 0.58 mm, 1.3 mm, and
1.45 mm, respectively.

Sisi Utara Sisi Utara

Left side Left side The first crack of retrofitted beams was observed
at the connection between the old concrete with
new concrete.

Sisi Selatan
Right side Sisi Selatan
Right side Shear in failure
BR-20-i BR-20-ii 18
 EXPERIMENTAL VS THEORETICAL
500
436.9
Ultimate load (kN) 400
310.9
300 256.00 245.86
200

100
25.1
0
BN BR-20A BR-20 Response-2000 Layers Method

: Vu experimental : Vu theoretical

Shear strength of BN Shear strength of BR-20A Shear strength of BR-20

decreased 89.91% increased 70.66% increased 21.44%
(Response-2000) and (Response-2000) and (Response-2000) and
89.79% (Layers method) 77.77% (Layers method) 26.45% (Layers method)

Polymer concrete can improve the shear strength of damaged beam

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 CONCLUSION
• Resin dosage 20% is easier to handle than 10% and 15%, thus
selected as the optimum composition.
• Shear capacity of the RC beams increased by retrofitted using resin
concrete, on the other hand using normal concrete was decreased.
• Stiffness of retrofitted beam BN-ii and BR-20A-ii were decreased
87.52% and 3.65%, while retrofitted beam BR-20-ii increased by
47.98%.
• Ductility index of retrofitted by resin concrete is higher than using
normal concrete.
• Shear strength of BN-ii decreased 89.91% (Response-2000) and
89.79% (Layers method), BR-20A-ii increased 70.66% (Response-
2000) and 77.77% (Layers method), and BR-20-ii increased 21.44%
(Response-2000) and 26.45% (Layers method).
• Crack pattern presented shear failure.

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 有り難う御座います
Terima Kasih
cảm ơn bạn
Thank You

ขอขอบคุณ 21