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ORGANIZATION

DEVELOPMENT

ISAGANI C. CANONIZADO, LPT, MAE, Ed. D.


Instructor
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Organization Development (OD) is an area of practice and research in
Human Resource Development (HRD). According to Cummings & Worley, OD is a
“process that applies a broad range of behavioral science knowledge and practices
to help organizations build their capacity to change and to achieve greater
effectiveness, including increased financial performance, customer satisfaction,
and organization member engagement”. OD attempts to bring about change in the
different levels of the organization (the individual, group and organization) using a
wide variety of interventions.
In this course, theoretical models and the process of OD will be discussed.
Students will also learn how to improve individual, group/team and organizational
performance through the use of OD techniques or interventions like group
dynamics, training, culture change, and work-life balance. 2
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
A PAPER

You need to select a real world organization that is undergoing


organizational change. You need to gather data on what the (1) changes the
company is going through (scope and context for change), (2) what challenges they
faced as they are undergoing change (describe those challenges), (3) present three
or more relevant, integrated OD interventions that the organization can use to
successfully adapt to these challenges, (4) provide measures of success for the OD
interventions suggested, (5) recommend the best intervention that the company
should first undertake, (6) present your results to the company’s “top
management”.
DUE DATE: MARCH 24, 2018 3
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


The term “organizational development” was coined by Richard Beckhard in
the mid-1950s. Organizational development is an acronym of two words i.e.,
organization and development.

Organization – A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need
or to pursue collective goals.
Development – The systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet
specific objectives or requirements.
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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT


ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:

Organizational development (OD) is a deliberately planned effort to


increase an organization’s relevance and viability.

Organizational development is the framework for change, and oftentimes a


manager helps to lead this change.
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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

MEANING OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Organization development is known as both a field of applied behavioral
science focused on understanding and managing organizational change and as a
field of scientific study and inquiry.
OD is a systematic learning and development strategy intended to change
the basics of beliefs, attitude, and relevance of values and structure of the current
organization to better absorb disruptive technologies, market opportunities, and
ensuing challenges and chaos.

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

DEFINITIONS OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


According to Middlemist and Hitt, “organizational development is a systematic
means for planned change that involves the entire organization and is intended to
increase organizational effectiveness.”
Cummings and Huse define OD “a system wide application of behavioral science
knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement for organizational
strategies, structure, and processes for improving an organization’s effectiveness.

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

DEFINITIONS OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Bennis, W. define “organizational development as a response to change, a complex
educational strategy intended to change beliefs, attitudes, values, and structures of
organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and
challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself.”
Cummings and Worley define organizational development as “a system-wide
application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and
reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving
an organization’s effectiveness.”
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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

GROWTH AND RELEVANCE OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Three major trends are shaping their relevance of OD in this drastically
changing environment:
1. Globalization: It changed the market and environments in which organization
operates as well as the way function. New government, new leadership, new market,
new countries are emerging and creating new global economy with opportunities and
threats.

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

GROWTH AND RELEVANCE OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


2. Information Technology: The way an organization collects, stores, manipulates
uses and transmit information can lower costs or increase the value and quality of
products and services.

3. Managerial Innovation: Strategic HRM, organizational design, proactivity and


customer focus, learning organizations)

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Kurt Lewin (1898-1947) is widely recognized as the founding father of OD, although
he died before the concept became current in the mid-1950s.
From Lewin came the ideas of group dynamics and action research which
underpin the basic OD process as well as providing its collaborative consultant
/client ethos.
Institutionally, Lewin founded the “Research Center for Group Dynamics”
(RCGD) at MIT, which moved to Michigan after his death. RCGD colleagues were
among those who founded the National Training Laboratories (NTL) from which the
T-Groups and Group-Based OD emerged. 11
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Kurt Lewin played a key role in the evolution of organization development
as it is known today.
As early as World War II, Lewin experimented with a collaborative change
process (involving himself as consultant and a client group) based on a three-step
process of planning, taking action, and measuring results.
This was the forerunner of action research, an important element of OD.

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Lewin then participated in the beginnings of Laboratory Training, or T-
Groups, and after his death in 1947, his close associates helped to develop survey-
research methods at the University of Michigan.
Douglas McGregor and Richard Beckhard: While consulting together at
General Mills in the 1950s, the two coined the term organization development (OD)
to describe an innovative bottoms-up change effort that fit no traditional consulting
categories.

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ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Laboratory Training
Known as T-Groups and defined as a small unstructured group in which
participants learn from their own interactions and evolving dynamics about issues
like interpersonal relations, personal growth, leadership, and group dynamics.
Began with Lewin and associates in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology) studying community interrelations of American Jews. Results showed
(1) feedback from group interaction was rich learning experience and (2) the process
of group building had potential for learning that could be transferred to “backhome”
situations. 14
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Laboratory Training
In 1947, NTL (National Training Laboratory) was set-up in Bethel, Maine
(northeastern state in USA).
In 1950s, three trends emerged: (1) emergence of regional labs, (2)
converting summer program sessions to year round sessions, and (3) expansion of
T-Groups to business and industry with NTL members contributing significantly
(McGregor-Union Carbide, Shephard and Blake in Esso Standard Oil now Exxon,
McGregor and Beckhard and General Mills)
Application of T-Group was later called team building exercises. 15
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Action Research / Survey Feedback
- Began in 1940s, major work of Lewin, Collier and Whyte
- Research needed to be closely linked to action if organization members were to use
it to manage change
- A collaborative effort was initiated between organization members and social
scientists to collect research data about organization’s functioning, to analyze it for
causes, and to devise and implement solutions. After implementation, further data
was needed to assess the results and thus the cycle of data collection and
assessment continued. 16
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT


Action Research / Survey Feedback
- Major researches in this field: Overcoming Resistance to Change (Coch and French)
and Participative Management as a means of getting employees involved in planning
and managing change.
- The chief point of action research was systematic collection of survey data that
was fed back to the client organization.
- After Lewin, major contribution by Likert (measurement of attitudes, creation of
Likert-type scale).
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MONDRIAAN AURA COLLEGE

THANKS! Presented by:


ISAGANI C. CANONIZADO, LPT, MAE, Ed. D.
Instructor
Mobile Number: (+63) 977-817-4496
Email Address: ckhayne@yahoo.com

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