MATHS 6.

1 Direct Proportion

6.2 Divide a Quantity in a Given Ratio

Chapter 6 6.3 Inverse Proportion

6.4 Increase and Decrease by a Given Ratio

Ratio and
Proportion

E1.11 Demonstrate an understanding of ratio

and proportion. Increase and decrease a
quantity by a given ratio. Calculate average
speed. Use common measures of rate.
Year 10
Prepared by :
Ms. Siti Nabihah Mohamad Rozy
 6.1 Direct Proportion
Ratio
Example: Exercise 6.1 Methods to Method
solve Unitary
1) A machine prints four books in 10 minutes. How many will it print in 2 hours? Method

Ratio Method Unitary Method

Let x be the number of books printed. 10 minutes = 4 books

4
𝑥 4 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 =
= 10
120 10 4
∴ 120 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = × 120
4 (120) 10
Thus, 𝑥 = = 48 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠
10
∴ 𝑥 = 48 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑖𝑛 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, 48 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑.
Classwork
Do exercise 6.1 : Number 4, 6, 7.
exercise 6.2 : Number 2
 6.2 Divide a Quantity in a Given Ratio
Ratio
Example: Exercise 6.3 Methods to Method
solve Unitary
5) Divide 1 hour in the ratio 1 : 5. Method
Ratio Method Unitary Method

1 : 5 → 6 parts. 1 : 5 gives 6 parts.

1 6 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠.

× 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
6
60
5 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 = = 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
× 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 6
6 ∴ 5 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 5 × 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 = 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

∴ 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 1: 5 𝑖𝑠 10: 50 ∴ 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 1: 5 𝑖𝑠 10: 50

 6.2 Divide a Quantity in a Given Ratio

Example: Exercise 6.3

5
7) 9 of a litre carton of orange is pure orange juice, the rest is water. How many millilitres of each are in the carton?

Ratio Method

5
× 1000 𝑚𝑙 = 556 𝑚𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒.
9

4
× 1000 𝑚𝑙 = 444 𝑚𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
9

Classwork
Do exercise 6.3 : Number 8, 12, 14, 15.
 Inverse proportion is when
6.3 Inverse Proportion one value increases as the
other value decreases.
Ratio
Example: Exercise 6.4 Methods to Method
solve Unitary
1) A teacher shares sweets among 8 students so that they get 6 each. How many Method
sweets would they each have got had there been 12 students?

Unitary Method

If there are 8 students, one will get 6 each.

If there is only 1 student, he will get:
8 × 6 = 48 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑠

48 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑠
∴ 12 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = = 4 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡
12 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Homework
1 student will get 4 each, had there been 12 students. Do exercise 6.4 : Number 5, 6, 7.
 6.3 Increase and Decrease
12cm
Example:

A photograph is 12cm wide and 8cm tall. It is

enlarged in the ratio 3:2. What are the dimensions 8cm
of the enlarged photograph?

Answer
18cm
3
3:2 is an enlargement of 2 .

3
∴ 𝐸𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = × 12 = 18𝑐𝑚
2 12cm
3
∴ 𝐸𝑛𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = × 8 = 12𝑐𝑚
2
Homework
Do exercise 6.5 : Number 2 & 3 – (a,f)
Number 5 & 6
exercise 6.6 : 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, & 10
 CLASS ACTIVITY

1. Pick a partner. (use 1 Macbook)

2. Log on to http://bit.do/hicarolyn
3. Play and beat your partner!