HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE -6

CONTENTS
LATE MODERNISM
POST MODERNISM

NEO MODERNISM

SUBMITTED TO: AR. PRAFFUL SUBMITTED BY:

CHAND SHAHI UTTAM RAWAT
Postmodernism – international architectural movement that
emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and
80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.

Postmodernist movement is often seen as an American

movement, starting in USA around the 1960s–1970s and then
spreading to Europe and the rest of the world

The movement largely has been a reaction against the

austerity, simplicity and functional design approach of the
modern architecture/international style

Rejection of strict rules set by the early modernists and seeks Portland Public Services Building, 1982.
high spirits in the use of building techniques, angles, and Michael Graves,
stylistic references
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM
Postmodern Architture rejects the notion of “pure” or
“perfect” form, instecead it draws from: all methods,
materials, forms, & colours available to architects.

Moves away from the neutral white colours seen in

modernism

the return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture

Took past components of different styles and melded them

together to create new means of design. It is known for the
re-emergence of surface ornament, reference to its
surrounding buildings, and historical references. Team Disney –The Eisner Building,
1991 Michael Graves,
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM

revival of traditional elements and techniques. Post

modernists looked into past architecture in order to
learn from it. Classical designs such as pillars, arches,
and domes used in new, almost humorous ways, just
to send a message to the modernist people. It
favoured personal preferences and variety over
objective truths and principles!

sensitivity to the building’s context, history and the

client’s requirements

physical characteristics- the use of sculptural forms,

ornaments and anthropomorphism
Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-1980.
conceptual characteristics - pluralism, double CHARLES MOORE,
coding, high ceilings, irony, paradox & contextualism
 Used classical styles in new combinations: pillars, arches, domes,
curtain wall facades, sculptures and roman conventions

Bank of America Center in Houston, by John Burgee and Philip Johnson,

completed 1983
Instead of a building made of sleek glass
and metal, this building is predominantly
masonry (only 30% of the outside is glass)
and revives a classical architectural
vocabulary…

Johnson & his associates divided the

building into three parts, reminiscent of the
three elevations of a Greek temple – base,
column and pediment.

Phillip Johnson, the AT&T Building

(New York), 1984. POSTMODERN
The top slopes down like a
pediment, including a space
in the middle known as an
orbiculum (similar to the
look of 18th century dressers)

Thin strips of masonry that

make up the center
resembles the fluting of
columns

Phillip Johnson, the AT&T

Building (New York), 1984.
POSTMODERN
The entrance includes a massive round arch,
similar to a triumphal arch or a Romanesque
portal.
 Le Corbusier. Villa Savoye
1928-1929. Poissy, France
Modernist architects may regard postmodern Postmodern architects may regard many
buildings as vulgar modern buildings as soulless and bland
Flat Roofs Gable Roofs
Postmodernism – international architectural movement that
emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and
80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.

Postmodernist movement is often seen as an American

movement, starting in USA around the 1960s–1970s and then
spreading to Europe and the rest of the world

The movement largely has been a reaction against the

austerity, simplicity and functional design approach of the
modern architecture/international style

Rejection of strict rules set by the early modernists and seeks Portland Public Services Building, 1982.
high spirits in the use of building techniques, angles, and Michael Graves,
stylistic references
The aims of Postmodernism or Late-modernism begin with its
reaction to Modernism; it tries to address the limitations of its
predecessor. The list of aims is extended to include
communicating ideas with the public often in a witty way. The
communication is done by quoting extensively from past
architectural styles, often many at once. In breaking away from
modernism, it also strives to produce buildings that are sensitive
to the context within which they are built.

Postmodernism has its origins in the perceived failure of Modern

Architecture; its preoccupation with functionalism and
economical building which failed to meet the human need for
comfort both for body and for the eye. In response, postmodern
architects sought to reintroduce ornament, color, decoration
and human scale to buildings. Form was no longer to be defined Portland Public Services Building, 1982.
solely by its functional requirements or minimal appearance.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM
Postmodern Architecture rejects the notion of “pure” or
“perfect” form, instead it draws from: all methods,
materials, forms, & colours available to architects.

Moves away from the neutral white colours seen in

modernism

the return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture

Took past components of different styles and melded them

together to create new means of design. It is known for the
re-emergence of surface ornament, reference to its
surrounding buildings, and historical references. Team Disney –The Eisner Building,
1991 Michael Graves,
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMODERNISM

revival of traditional elements and techniques. Post

modernists looked into past architecture in order to
learn from it. Classical designs such as pillars, arches,
and domes used in new, almost humorous ways, just
to send a message to the modernist people. It
favoured personal preferences and variety over
objective truths and principles!

sensitivity to the building’s context, history and the

client’s requirements

physical characteristics- the use of sculptural forms,

ornaments and anthropomorphism
Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-1980.
conceptual characteristics - pluralism, double CHARLES MOORE,
coding, high ceilings, irony, paradox & contextualism
 Used classical styles in new combinations: pillars, arches, domes,
curtain wall facades, sculptures and roman conventions

Bank of America Center in Houston, by John Burgee and Philip Johnson,

completed 1983
Instead of a building made of sleek glass
and metal, this building is predominantly
masonry (only 30% of the outside is glass)
and revives a classical architectural
vocabulary…

Johnson & his associates divided the

building into three parts, reminiscent of the
three elevations of a Greek temple – base,
column and pediment.

Phillip Johnson, the AT&T Building

(New York), 1984. POSTMODERN
The top slopes down like a
pediment, including a space
in the middle known as an
orbiculum (similar to the
look of 18th century dressers)

Thin strips of masonry that

make up the center
resembles the fluting of
columns

Phillip Johnson, the AT&T

Building (New York), 1984.
POSTMODERN
The entrance includes a massive round arch,
similar to a triumphal arch or a Romanesque
portal.
 Le Corbusier. Villa Savoye
1928-1929. Poissy, France
Modernist architects may regard postmodern Postmodern architects may regard many
buildings as vulgar modern buildings as soulless and bland
Flat Roofs Gable Roofs
Neomodernism is a reaction to the complexity of postmodern
architecture seeking greater simplicity.
Neo modern architecture shares many of the basic
characteristics of modernism.
 Both reject classical ornamentation, decorations, and
deliberate ambitions to continue pre-modernist traditions.
Neomodernist buildings, like modernist ones, are designed
to be largely monolithic and functional.
 Traditional architecture has been inscribed with the hegemony of

Aesthetics

Comfort

Dwelling

Functionality

Architecture of deconstruction seeks to create a new way

of building in which these traditional notions are re-
inscribed in an altered context.
Gehry, Gehry House, Santa Monica, California, 1978
 Rejection of the notion of Order

Undermining the attempt by all previous architecture to impose

order.

World seen as order less and is thus an illusion.

The world is order less, its chaotic. Reality needs to be expressed

through a chaotic architecture.

The design and form are fixed independent of each other.

Coop Himmelblau, Cinema centre, Dresden, Germany
 Daniel Libeskind, Denver art Museum, colorado
Daniel Libeskind, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
 Form & structure are here both contaminated and impure in

architecture.

 It is this ability that disturbs our sensibility and understanding

of architecture as being pure that makes the projects deconstructive.

 It challenges the very values of harmony, unity & stability to

propose instead a different view of structure.

 DECONSTRUCTIVE ARCHITECTS
Frank Gehry

Bernard Tschumi

Zaha Hadid

Peter Eisenman

Frank Gehry
Frank Owen Gehry, is a Canadian American Pritzker Prize
winning architect residing in Los Angeles, California.
 Gehry Residence
The Gehry Residence is architect Frank Gehry's own house.
It was originally an extension, designed by Gehry and built
around an existing Dutch colonial style house.
It makes use of unconventional materials, such as chain-link
fences and corrugated steel.
 It is sometimes considered one of the
earliest deconstructivist buildings,
 BERNARD TSCHUMI

Date of birth: January25,1944 Lausanne, Switzerland

He is an architect, writer, and educator.
 Born of French and Swiss parentage, he works and lives in
New York and Paris.
 He studied in Paris and at ETH in Zurich, where he
received his degree in architecture in 1969.
 ZAHA HADID
She was a notable Iraqi-British deconstructivist architect.

Heydar Aliyev Center

 Heydar Aliyev Center is a 57,500 m2

(619,000 sq ft) building complex in Baku, Azerbaijan
It is noted for its distinctive architecture and flowing,
curved style that eschews sharp angles.
The Center houses a conference hall (auditorium), a gallery
hall and a museum.
THANK YOU