IUA

college of engineering
electrical & electronic department
design of electrical power systems
equipment's
lec 1
Design of electrical power transformers
Introduction:-
# the definition of a transformer as a static electrical device, involving no continuously
moving parts, used in electric power systems to transfer power between circuits through the
use of electromagnetic induction.
# The term power transformer is used to refer to those transformers used between the
generator and the distribution circuits, and these are usually rated at 500 kVA and
above.
Introduction (cont):-
Three-phase power transformer is used almost exclusively for generation,
transmission, and distribution, as well as for all industrial uses. It is also used
on aircraft, both commercial and military. It has many advantages over single-
phase power transformer.
The transformer can be made smaller and lighter for the same power handling
capability, because the copper and iron are used more effectively. In circuitry, for
conversion from ac to dc, the output contains a much lower ripple amplitude, and
a higher frequency component, which is 3 times and 6 times the line frequency,
and which, in turn, requires less filtering.
Transformer Design:
•Power rating [MVA]
•Core
•Rated voltages (HV, LV, TV or ultra - voltage)
•Insulation coordination
•Short-circuit Impedance, stray flux
•Short-circuit Forces
•Loss evaluation
•Temperature rise limits, Temperature limits
•Cooling, cooling method
•Sound Level
•Tap changers
Power transformers have been loosely grouped into three market segments
based on size ranges. These three segments are:
1. Small power transformers: 500 to 7500 kVA
2. Medium power transformers: 7500 to 100 MVA
3. Large power transformers: 100 MVA and above
Note that the upper range of small power and the lower range of
medium power can vary between 2,500 and 10,000 kVA throughout the
industry.
 Calculation of the transformer parameters:
- iron core cross section area
- number of turns in the primary and secondary windings
- the windings cross section area in the primary and secondary
- The designer must be concerned with the apparent power handling capability, Pt, of the
transformer core and winding.
- The apparent power, Pt, varies with the type of circuit in which the transformer is used.
- Transformer size is thus determined, not only by the load demand, but also by current wave
shape. An example of the primary and secondary, VA, will be done to compare the power-
handling capability required by each three-phase transformer winding