LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION

RECLAMATION AND LANDSCAPING OF

DERELICT LANDS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

T.DINESH KUMAR
510311251002
V YEAR/ X SEM
LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION
 Landscape Conservation
Why?
21st century resource threats magnified by
accelerating climate change demand increased science
capacity.
 Landscape Conservation Cooperatives
What are they?

• Applied conservation science partnerships. Partners include

federal agencies, state fish and wildlife agencies, Tribes,
NGOs, and universities within a geographically defined area.

• Fundamental units of planning and adaptive science to

target the right science in the right places.

• A national and international network of conservation

organizations and agencies supporting natural systems
capable of sustaining abundant, diverse and healthy
populations of fish, wildlife and plants.
 Landscape Conservation Cooperatives
What do they do?
Help partners identify common goals and priorities.
Support biological planning, conservation design and adaptive management.
Provide a strong link between science and conservation delivery on the
ground.
Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of scientific information and
conservation actions.
• Planning for natural resources conservation and management is a
critical responsibility of state and federal agencies, environmental
NGOs, and many private organizations.

• To meet critical management and conservation needs, professionals

in these organizations need knowledge on key species and habitats
that include comprehensive maps, imperilment status and
vulnerability, and areas important for wildlife connectivity.

• Landscape conservation is a concept that has arisen in response to

both the challenges of climate change and a perceived excessive
focus on site based conservation.

• It aims to take a holistic approach, looking not just at biodiversity

issues, but also issues such as local economies and agriculture,
ecotourism, geodiversity and the health and social benefits of the
environment.
 RECLAMATION AND
LANDSCAPING OF DERELICT
LANDS
 Derelict land is taken as being any land so damaged by
industrial or other development, including the working of
minerals, that it is not capable of further use without
treatment; in other words it is land that has been used, then
left in an unserviceable state.

 Areas of dereliction left by previous generations need to be

restored to some form of usefulness, whilst ways of
preventing further damage to the environment by present and
future activities need to be found.

 The two aspects - reclamation and prevention — require

different approaches.
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
 ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ (EIA) can be defined as the
systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts
(effects) of proposed projects, plans, program or legislative action of the
physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and socio-economic
components of the total environment.
NEED OF EIA

• Environment is composed of Biotic & Abiotic components.

• There is a dynamic equilibrium between these components.
• When a project is undertaken it tends to disturb these components.
• To maintain the quality of environment it is essential that the
perspective impacts of the project on natural environment are studied
on time and remedial measures be taken so as to promote sustainable
and holistic development of the project.
• This is done through EIA.
EIA – THREE CORE VALUE

1. Integrity: The EIA process should be fair, objective, unbiased and

balanced
2. Utility: The EIA process should provide balanced, credible
information for decision making
3. Sustainability: The EIA process should result in environmental
safeguards

THE MAJOR AIMS OF EIA ARE:

• Resources Conservation
• Waste minimization
• Recovery of by-product.
• Efficient use of equipment
• Sustainable Development
PURPOSES OF EIA

1. To facilitate decision-making:
• For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it
provides a systematic examination of the environmental
implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives,
before a decision is taken.
• The decision-maker along with other documentation relating
to the planned activity can consider the environment impact
statement (EIS).

2. To aid in the formation of development:

• Many developers see EIA as another set of hurdles for them to
cross in order to proceed with their various activities.
• They may also see the process involved in obtaining the
permission from various authorities as costly and time-
consuming.
 To be an instrument for sustainable
development:
• The key characteristics of sustainable development include
maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access
to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
• Institutional responses to sustainable development are, therefore,
required at several levels.
• For example, issues of global concern, such as ozone-layer
depletion, climate change, deforestation and biodiversity loss,
require a global political commitment to action.
• The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was an example of
international concern and also of the problems of securing concerted
action to deal with such issues.
Environmental Clearance Process
EIA PROCESS:

• description of the project

• description of the environment
• identification of environmental impacts
• evaluation of environmental impacts
• management and control of impacts
• presentation of the study
• public participation
• judgment by authorities
EIA METHODOLOGY
Project Life Cycle
Project Concept/Identification
• Initial stage of the project planning
• Basic nature of the project is known including the
site(s) where the project is being proposed to be
implemented
• “Screen” project to determine if project requires a full
EIA

Feasibility Stage
• Conduct the EIA and determine if the project is viable
• Magnitude of impact - indicate whether the impact is
irreversible or, reversible and estimated potential rate of
recovery
• Extent of impact - spatial
• extent of impacts should be determined
• Duration of Impact - arising at different phases of the
project cycle and the length of the impact [e.g. short term
(during construction-9 yrs), medium term (10-20 yrs), long
term (20+ yrs)]
Implement & Audit the Project
• The EIA is a "reference" guide during implementation Outlines
mitigation strategies and monitoring schemes
• Preventative measures - reduce potential adverse impacts
before occurrence
• Compensatory measures - compensate for unavoidable
adverse impacts
• Corrective measures - reduces the adverse impact to an
acceptable level
• Audit project after completion to identify lessons learned

Environmental Monitoring
• Environmental monitoring provides feedback about the actual
environmental impacts of a project
• Helps judge the success of mitigation measures in protecting
the environment
• Ensure compliance with environmental standards
• Facilitate any needed project design or operational changes
THE BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT :

• Reduced cost and time of project implementation.

• Cost-saving modifications in project design.

• Increased project acceptance.

• Avoided impacts and violations of laws and regulations.

• Improved project performance.

• Avoided treatment/clean up costs.

Advantages of EIA
• A healthier local environment (forests, water
sources, agricultural potential, recreational
potential, aesthetic values, and clean living in
urban areas).
• Improved human health.
• Maintenance of biodiversity.
• Decreased resource use.
• Fewer conflicts over natural resource use.
• Increased community skills, knowledge and
pride.
Limitations of EIA
• EIA should be undertaken at the policy and planning level rather than
at the project level.
• Range of Possible alternatives in the project EIA is often small.
• There is no criteria to decide what type of project are to undergo EIA.
A lot of unnecessary expense and delay in project clearance could be
avoided as there are many projects that do not require an in-depth EIA.
• Lack of comprehensive environment information base, limitation of
time, manpower and financial resources make EIA very complicated
and time consuming.
• EIA, reports are too academic, bureaucratic and lengthy containing too
many tables of collected data without any data analysis, interpretation
and environmental implications.
• In actual practice EIA ends immediately after project clearance, no
follow up action is taken.
• It does not incorporate the strategies of preventing environmental
intervention. The issue of resource conservation, waste minimization,
by product recovery and improvement in efficiency of equipment, need
to be pursued as the explicit goal in EIA.
 REFERENCE

www.slidesharenet.com
www.google.com
http://Landscape-scale%20conservation%20-
%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.p
df
http://CHS0023.PDF

THANK YOU…..