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CHEMISTRY
ELEMENT,
COMPOUND
AND
MIXTURE
What is an element ?
Element
A chemical substance
Simplest substance
Cannot be decomposed
to a simpler substance
Metal Non-Metal
( Sodium )
Na
Use :
Sodium Lamp
Copper Cu
Use : Electric Conductor
Calcium Ca
Use : Calcium ions needed to form bones
and teeth
Aluminium Al
Use: Making of cooking pots and pans
Gold ; Aurum Au
Use : Jewelry
Iron; Ferum Fe
Use : Construction of buildings
and bridges
Lead Pb
Uses : Water pipes
Pipes for wiring
Magnesium Mg
Use : Crackers and Fireworks
Platinum Pt
Use: Jewelry
Potassium K
Use : Potassium salts
- agricultural fertilizers
Silver Ag
Use : Jewelry
Tin Sn
Use : Making containers
Zinc Zn
Uses : Dry cells;
Roofing for houses
Mercury Hg
Use : In Thermometers
Examples of Non-Metals
Chlorine Cl
Use : Killing germs in water
supply
Argon Ar
Use : Lighting Bulbs
Bromine Br
Use : Photography
Boron B
Use : Making
Medicine in pharmacy
Helium He
Use : Filling balloons
Carbon C
Diamond & Graphite
Hydrogen H
Use: Fuel
Iodine I
Use : Antiseptic
Neon Ne
Use : Neon Lights
Nitrogen N
Use : Liquid Nitrogen –
Refrigeration Coolant
Oxygen O
Use : Gas for Breathing
Phosphorus P
Use : Matches
Silicon Si
Use : Computer CPU
Sulphur S
Use : Manufacture of
Sulphuric Acid
What is a Compound ?
A Chemical
Consists of 2 or
more elements
chemically combined
Chemical Bond
between the particles
Examples of Compounds
Ammonium Chloride
Use : Dry Batteries
Constituents : H , N , Cl
Glucose
Use : Carbohydrates
Constituents : H , C , O
Sodium Chloride
Use: Fungicide
Constituents : Cu , S , O , H
Potassium nitrate
Use : Vinegar
Constituents : C , H , O
Trichloromethane (Chloroform)
Use : Anaesthetic
Cost : C , H , Cl
What is a Mixture ?
Substance consisting of 2
or more substances
physically combined
together
Components : Elements
or/and compounds
Components can be
separated by physical
means
Examples of Mixtures
Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Carbon dioxide, water
vapor etc
Soil