Lesson Xiv Revised

Lesson XIV
Unit III, 1st and 2nd Declension Nouns

and Adjectives
Day 1
• Present tense personal pronoun endings
• Imperfect tense personal pronoun endings
• Future tense personal pronoun endings
• Perfect tense personal pronoun endings
• Pluperfect tense personal pronoun endings
• Future perfect tense personal pronoun endings
• 1st declension endings, feminine
• 2nd declension endings, masculine
• 2nd declension endings, neuter
- Recitation
• Principal Parts of amo: amo, amare, amavi, amatus
• Principal Parts of do: do, dare, dedi, datus
• Principal Parts of sto: sto, stare, steti, status
• Principal Parts of iuvo: iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus
• Principal Parts of lavo: lavo, lavare, lavi, lautus
- Recitation
1. Give the five vowels in English.
2. Give the five vowels in Latin.
3. Always in Latin the c and the g are pronounced ______.
4. Verb families are called _____.
5. How many conjugations are there?
6. Name them.
7. Give the six attributes of Latin verbs.
8. Give the three grammar persons.
9. The first person is the person _______.
10. The second person is the person _________.
11. The third person is the person ____________.
12. Give the two grammar numbers. ______ & _______.
13. How many Latin tenses are there? ______.
14. Name them.
Recitation
• Give the names of the three forms of the English present tense.
• I praise is the _____ present, I am praising is the _____ present and I
do praise is the _______ present.
• In Latin, the imperfect tense means not finished, ____________.
• The imperfect tense sign is ba.
• The imperfect tense is used to describe an ______ or _______
action in the past.
• What are the English helping verbs of the imperfect tense?
– Was and were
• What are two basic parts of a sentence?
– The subject and the predicate
• The subject is
• The predicate tells
• What is sentence pattern #1?
– Subject + verb
Recitation
• What English helping verb translates the Latin future
tense?
– Will
• The three tenses that make up the present system are
__________.
– Present, imperfect, future
• The Present System is built on the present stem.
Recitation
• What are the Principal Parts and how many are there?
– The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its
tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
• What is the name of the second principal part?
– The infinitive.
• The infinitive ending for all first conjugation verbs is _____.
– -are
• How do you find the present stem?
– Drop the re from the infinitive.
• The English infinitive is written with the particle ________ before the verb.
– To
• The to be verb shows existence, not action.
• Give the English forms of the to be verb.
– Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
• Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.
– O, are, avi, atus
• What is sentence pattern 2?
– Subject + verb + direct object Recitation
• Something that completes an action of a verb is a _______.
– complement
• What is the first complement in this text?
– The complementary infinitive
• In Latin grammar, perfect means _______.
– Finished
• The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
– A one-time action completed in the past
• The perfect tense is built on the _______ stem.
– Perfect
• How do you find the perfect stem?
– Drop the i from the third principal part.
• Give three translations of vocavi.
– I called, I have called, I did call
• What English helping verbs translate the perfect tense?
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• The pluperfect tense is built on the ________ stem.
• Perfect
• The pluperfect tense describes what kind of past action?
• An action completed prior to another past action.
• What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
• had
• The future perfect tense is built on the _____ stem.
• Perfect
• The future perfect tense describes an action in the future completed prior to
another action in the future.
• What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
• Will and have
• The future perfect tense endings are identical to the future tense of (sum) except
for (3rd person plural).
• The tenses of the Perfect System are _______________
• Perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
• Verb families are called __________.
• Conjugations
• And noun families are called __________.
• Declensions
• How many declensions are there? FIVE- Name them
• First, second, third, fourth, fifth
Perfect – Singular Plural
Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

been
Fuisti – you have Fuistis – you all have
been been
Fuit – HSI has been Fuerunt – they have
been
Future Perfect – Plural

Singular
Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

been have been
Fueram – I had been Fueramus – we had Fueris – you will Fueritis – you all will
been have been have been
Fueras – you had Fueratis – you all had Fuerit – HSI will have Fuerint – they will
been been been have been
Fuerat – HSI had Fuerant – they had
been been
• Give the four attributes of nouns?
– Declension, gender number, case.
• The three genders are:
– Feminine, masculine, neuter
• Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have
– Natural gender
• Nouns that name non-living things have
– Grammatical gender
• Name the cases in order
– Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
• What is the subject case?
– Nominative
• What is the direct object case?
– Accustive
• What is the possessive case?
– Genitive
• What is the in/by/with/from case?
– Ablative
• What is the indirect object case?
– Dative
• What is the to/for case?
– Dative
• What is the of case?
– Genitive
• The genitive singular of a first declension noun always ends in?
– ae (spelled AE)
• First declension nouns are usually what gender?
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Roma Aeterna – Eternal Rome
• Agricola – farmer
• Italia – Italy
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Nauta – sailor
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Regina – queen
• Roma – Rome
• Terra – land, earth
Day 1
• Introduction.
– Read pages 38-39 in the text book.
Daily Log-Cases
• Mark’s friend gave Lucy a rose in the garden.
Workbook
• Complete page 76 in the workbook as a class.
Day 2
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
Daily Log
• Decline mensa.
Latin is a language of ___________ and
________.
Stems and endings
What part of a Latin word never changes?
– The stem
Textbook
• Read pages 40-41 as a class.
Workbook
• Do page 77 in the workbook as a class. This
will continue into the next day.
Day 3
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
Grammar
• A penult is the next to last syllable of a word.
• The antepenult is the third syllable from the
end of the word.
• A macron is the bar placed on top of a vowel
in Latin. This identifies that the vowel should
be pronounced long.
Daily Log
• Where is the penult?
– Mariam
• I
– Poeta
• E
• Where is the antepenult?
– Agricolorum
• Co
– Poetarum
• e
Practice Macrons
• Terra without a macron, nominative singular
• Terra with a macron ablative
• Agricola without macron
• Agricola with a macron
• Practice some with and without macrons. Everyone

should do one of each in front of the class.
Workbook
• Finish page 77 as a class.
Day 4
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
Daily Log
• What is the part of the word called in Latin
that never changes?
– The stem
• What are the articles in English?
– A, an, the
• Does Latin have articles?
– no
Gender, grammar
• There are 2 types of gender:
– Natural gender is when there is a distinction
between being male and female – king/queen,
he/she, boy/girl.
– Grammatical gender is when there is no
distinction for a noun’s gender. (If you can replace
the noun with the pronoun it, then there is no
gender.) – book, gift, river, foot.
Gender in English
• In English gender is easy – Can you think of some male
to see/hear. Aunt, gender assignments in
English?
sister, she, her are all
• King, boy, he, man are some
gender assignments examples
that are for females. • Can you think of some
nouns that do not have
gender?
– Table, box, basket, and
many more
Gender Grammar
• In Latin gender is categorized into 3 groups: masculine
(male), feminine (female), neuter (neutral).
– All words referring to males are masculine, all words
referring to females are feminine and many words (not all)
referring to things are neuter.
• Many nouns that do NOT have gender in English are
assigned gender in Latin. Objects, rivers and cities are
not always neuter in Latin.
• The gender of a noun is important because it
influences the adjectives that describe the noun.
– Nouns and adjectives must match in gender, number and
case.
***Nota bene.***
• The gender of a noun is important because it
influences the adjectives that describe the
noun.
– Nouns and adjectives must match in gender,
number and case.
• Gender endings in Latin
• To recognize what gender a word is:
• Masculine: -us, -er, -or
• Feminine endings: -a, -as, -do, -io
• Neuter: -um, -men, -e, -al, -ar
Workbook
• Page 78.
Day 5
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
Daily Log
• What is the difference between grammatical
gender and natural gender?
– Grammatical gender is a non-living thing (it can
replace the noun). Natural gender is when the noun
specifically relates to a male or female.
• Name three first declension feminine nouns.
• How do you know that they are first declension
feminine?
• Identify if they have natural or grammatical
gender.
Workbook
• Page 79 half together and half as a class.
Day 6
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
Review/Catch up Day
Day 7
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
– Natural gender
– Grammatcial gender
– Moniative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Accusative
– Dative
– Genitive
• The genitive singluar of a first declension noun always end in?
– Ae
– Feminine
Game Day
Day 8
- Recitation
- Recitation
6. Name them.
14. Name them.
Recitation
action in the past.
– Was and were
• The subject is
– Subject + verb
Recitation
tense?
– Will
__________.
Recitation
– The infinitive.
– -are
– To
– complement
– Finished
– Perfect
– Have, has, did
Recitation
• Perfect
• had
• Perfect
• Will and have
• Conjugations
• Declensions

been
been been
been

Singular

been have been
been been
– Natural gender
– Nominative
– Accustive
– Genitive
– Ablative
– Dative
– Dative
– Genitive
– ae (spelled AE)
– Feminine
Vocabulary
• Maria – Mary
• Mensa – table
• Poeta – poet
• Puella – girl
• Roma – Rome
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Lesson XIV

Unit III, 1st and 2nd Declension Nouns

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

• Terra with a macron ablative

• Agricola without macron

• Agricola with a macron

• Practice some with and without macrons. Everyone

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

Fui – I have been Fuimus – we have

Future Perfect – Plural

Pluperfect – Singular Plural Fuero – I will have Fuerimus – we will

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