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GLOBAL
MARKETING
Objectives
1. Describe the importance of global marketing
from the perspectives of the individual firm
and the nation.
2. Identify the major components of the
environment for global marketing.
3. Outline the basic functions of GATT, WTO,
NAFTA, FTAA, CAFTA-DR, and the European
Union.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Objectives
4. Identify the alternative strategies for
entering foreign markets.
5. Differentiate between a global marketing
strategy and a multidomestic marketing
strategy.
6. Describe the alternative marketing mix
strategies used in global marketing.
7. Explain the attractiveness of the United
States as a target market for foreign
marketers.
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Introduction
▮ Global trade accounts for 25 percent of the
U.S. gross domestic product
▮ Exporting - Marketing domestically
produced goods and services in foreign
countries
▮ Importing - Purchasing foreign goods and
services
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
▮ International law
• U.S. has friendship, commerce, and
navigation (FCN) treaties with other
governments
• Europe has pushed for mandatory ISO
certification to standardize quality levels
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
▮ U.S. law
• Various trade regulations, tax laws, and import
and export requirements affecting international
marketing
• Export Trading Company Act of 1982 exempts
exporters from antitrust regulations
• Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal
to bribe a foreign official in an attempt to
solicit new or repeat sales abroad
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Trade Barriers
▮ Barriers fall into two major categories
• Tariff - Tax levied against imported goods
• Administrative barriers
▮ GATT and WTO agreements have eliminated
many tariffs on many products
• Countries frequently use nontariff barriers to
boost exports and control the flows of
imported products
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Tariffs
▮ Two types of tariffs
• Revenue tariffs - Designed to raise funds for
the importing government
• Protective tariffs - Designed to raise the retail
price of an imported product to match or
exceed that of a similar domestic product
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Dumping
▮ Controversial practice of selling a product in
a foreign market at a price lower than what
it receives in the producer’s domestic
market
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Going Global
▮ Reasons for marketers to go global
• Saturation of the target market
• Strong domestic market share
• Globalization of customers
• New customers in emerging markets
• Globalization of competitors
• Reduced trade barriers
• Advances in technology
• Enhanced customer responsiveness
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Franchising
▮ Contractual arrangement in which a
wholesaler or retailer agrees to meet the
operating requirements of a manufacturer
or other franchiser
▮ Benefits are risk reduction, standardized
operations, and greater recognizability
▮ Success depends on ability to adapt to local
customer preferences
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Foreign Licensing
▮ Agreement that grants foreign marketers
the right to distribute a firm’s merchandise
or to use its trademark, patent, or process in
a specified geographic area
▮ Gives access to local partner’s marketing
information and distribution channels, and
protection from legal barriers
▮ Allows quick entry into a foreign market
with a known product
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Subcontracting
▮ Contractual agreements that assign the
production of goods or services to local or
smaller firms
▮ Can prevent mistakes involving local culture
and regulations
▮ Can provide protection from import duties
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Pricing Strategy
▮ Competitive, economic, political, and legal
factors can limit pricing decisions
▮ Adaptation to local markets
▮ Emergence of commodity marketing
organizations
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 45
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Countertrade
▮ Form of exporting whereby goods and
services are bartered rather than sold for
cash
▮ May be imposed in less developed nations
that lack sufficient foreign currency to
obtain goods and services they want
▮ Way to control balance-of-trade problems
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 46
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 47
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 48
Chapter 8 Global Marketing
Nederlander Video
http://www.cengage.com/marketing/book_content/boone_9781133628460
/videos/ch08.html
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