PRESENTATION

ON
BSNL TRAINING

Submitted to:
Submitted by: Mr. Paresh jain
Apurva (Faculty of ECE)
CONTENT

 DATA COMMUNICATION
 DATA
COMMUNICATION
DATA COMMUNICATION

* Data communications deals with the transmission of

signals in a reliable and efficient manner. Topics covered
include signal transmission, transmission media, signal
encoding, interfacing, and data link control.
* Networking deals with the technology and architecture of
the communications networks used to interconnect
communicating devices. This field is generally divided into
the topics of local area networks (LANs) and wide area
networks (WANs).
SIMPLE COMMUNICATION MODEL
DATA COMMUNICATION MODEL

Assume the source and destination are PCs.

The source wishes to send a message m to the destination
 Transmission of Information

* One basic choice facing a business user is the selection of

transmission medium.
* Within the business premise
* Completely up to the business
* Long-distance communications
* Up to the long-distance carrier
* New technologies
* Optical fiber transmission
* Wireless transmission
* How to improve the efficiency of the use of network facilities?
* Multiplexing and compression
CIRCUIT SWITCHING AND PACKET SWITCHING
* Dedicated communications path established for the
duration of the conversation
* Three steps:
1. Setup the circuit: allocate dedicated resources.
2. Transmit the data: utilize resources.
3. Terminate the circuit: release resources.
* E.g. telephone network
* Data are sent out in a sequence of small chunks, called
packets.
* Each Packet is passed through the network from node to node
along some path leading from source to destination
* At each node, the entire packet is received, stored, and then
transmitted to the next node
* Store-and-forward: buffering
 BASIC
COMMUNICATION
 TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

* TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Equipment which effects interconnection
of telephones is
known as switching equipment. The
switching center, which houses the
terminating and switching equipment is
called telephone exchange. A telephone
exchange is a telecommunication system
used in the public switched telephone
network or in large enterprises. An
exchange consists of electronic
components that interconnect (switch)
telephone subscriber lines or virtual
circuits of digital systems
to establish telephone calls between
subscribers
 ABOUT THE EXCHANGE
* All telephone subscribers are served by automatic exchanges.
Today’s automatic exchanges use a pair of computers. One running the
program that provides services. Second, monitoring the operation of the
first, ready to take over in a few seconds in the event of equipment
failure.
Various exchanges present in BSNL are:
1. C-DOT
2. OCB(ORGANE DE COMMANDE B2 VERSION)
3. EWSD
* C-DOT : It work on telecom technology, products and services. Provide
solutions for current and future requirements of telecommunication and
converged networks including those required for rural application. Provide
market orientation to R & D activities and sustain C-DOT as center of
excellence.
* OCB(ORGANE DE COMMANDE B2 VERSION) : It is a digital switching system.
The system supports all the existing signaling system. The system has ‘auto
recovery’ feature. When a serious fault occur in control unit, it gives a
message to SMM (operation & maintenance unit).
 EWSD
* The EWSD Digital Switching Systems offer a wide range of telephony
features and supplementary services. Further capabilities can be
developed to meet specific customer needs
 EXCHANGE LAYOUT
Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room
Input Output processor (IOP) Room
Power Plant Room
Battery Room
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room
Three main component:
MDF
Power plant
Switching room
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (DMF)
M.D.F. is a media between switching network and subscriber’s line. It is a
termination point within the local telephone exchange where exchange
equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires.
FUNCTIONS OF MDF:
All cable copper wires supplying services through user telephone lines are
terminated and distributed through MDF.
The most common kind of large MDF is a long steel rack accessible from
both sides. Each jumper is a twisted wire.
It consists of local connection and broadband connection frames for the
main Exchange area.
The MDF usually holds central office protective devices including heat
coils and functions as a test point between a line and the office.
It provides testing of calls.
It checks whether fault is indoor or external.
All lines terminate individually
 POWER SUPPLY
As we know that, the power is the main source or any organization. It is the case of E-
10B exchange. That is the first requirement of any organization is the input.
The main source of this exchange is AC supply.
The main part of power room are:-
1. Batteries for providing 48V supply
2. UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply)
3. Charging - Discharging Unit
4. Inverter and Converter Unit
 SWITCH ROOM

Switch room consists of

BM and CM cabinets
mounted in standard
switch.
These cabinets are
fastened to a switch Room
and interconnected by
cables
 OPTICAL
COMMUNICATION
 FIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

* FIBER OPTICS: The use and demand for optical fiber has grown tremendously and
optical-fiber applications are numerous. Telecommunication applications are widespread,
ranging from global networks to desktop computers. These involve the transmission of
voice, data, or video over distances of less than a meter to hundreds of kilometers, using
one of a few standard fiber designs in one of several cable designs.
ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICS :
Fiber Optics has the following advantages :
• SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds - up into the gigabits
• BANDWIDTH: large carrying capacity
• DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be "refreshed" or
strengthened.
• RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or
other nearby cables.
• MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less to maintain.
 OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
* Optical Fiber is new medium, in which information (voice, Data or Video) is
transmitted on the principle of Total Internal Reflection through a glass or plastic
fiber,
in the form of light.
In the following sequence.
1.Information is encoded into Electrical Signals.
2.Electrical Signals are converted into light Signals.
3.Light Travels down the Fiber.
4.A Detector Changes the Light Signals into Electrical Signals.
5.Electrical Signals are decoded into Information.