Anemia defisiensi besi 4A

Anemia hemolitik 3A
Anemia makrositik 3A
3A
Limfadenopati
Hematologi Limfadenitis 4A

Imunologi Bakteremia
3B
Demamdengue, DHF 4A
Dengue shock syndrome 3B
4A
Malaria
Toksoplasmosis 3A
Leptospirosis (tanpa komplikasi) 4A
Sepsis 3B
3A
Lupus eritematosus sistemik
Polimialgia reumatik 3A
4A
Reaksi anafilaktik
Anemia
Mechanism of Anemia :

Decreased production Increased needs

•Lack of ingredients •Physiological process
•Factory damage •Pathological process
•Malignant process Blood loss
•Ineffective process Hemolysis
Anemia : clinical approach
Hemostasis
BV Injury

Tissue
Neural Factor

Blood Vessel Platelet Coagulation

Constriction Activation Activation

Primary hemostatic plug

Reduced Thrombin
Fibrin
Blood flow

Stable Hemostatic Plug

Transfusion
 Guidelines for the clinical use
of red blood cell transfusion (2)

No reliable parameters
to guide the need for RBC transfusion

The decision to transfuse RBC depends on factors:

• cause of anemia
• severity and chronicity,
• patients ability to compensate,
• likelihood of further loss,
• need to provide some reserve before occurrence of tissue hypoxia,
• risk and benefit ratio

British Journal of Haematology 2001, 113: 24-31

Platelet Transfusion

• Therapeutic transfusion
• Prophylaxis transfusion
Transfusion reaction
 Acute/ Severe Delayed/ Potentially Other
Severe
Immunologic AHTR DHTR (RBC Ag Mild
Alloimmunization) allergic/urticarial rx
Sickle cell
hemolytic transf HLA alloimmunization Post transfusion
syndrome purpura
Transfusion-assoc
Anaphylaxis GVH FNHTR

TRALI

Non Immunologic Bacterial sepsis Viral/Parasitic/Prion Hypotension

Transmission
TACO
Hemosiderosis
Air embolism

Young and Rodgers. 2009. The Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Hematology

Routine Blood Examination
Immune system

Infection
Autoimmune disease