S T A I R C A S E D E S I G N

REINFORCED
CONCRETE DESIGN
DESIGN STAIRS AT FACULTY OF TECHNICAL AND
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION,
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

MUHAMMAD NUR AIMAN BIN ADNAN

MAH MUDDIN BIN AMIN
KHATIJAH BINTI JEBIN
NUR FARAH IRWAYU BT MOHD SAIDI
NUR HAFIQAH ELIZA BT HUSAIN
INTRODUCTION

Staircases are the common structure in almost

every building that have more than one floor or
different part of heights. It consists of a
number of steps arranged in a series, with
landing at appropriate locations, for the
purpose of giving access to different floors of
a building.
FAKULTI
PENDIDIKAN
TEKNOLOGI
VOKASIONAL
SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY
CONTINUOUS OVER SUPPORT

CONTINUOUS FROM UPPER SLAB

TO THE LOWER SLAB

LANDING PLACE AT THE MIDDLE

OF THE FLIGHT AFTER 12 STEPS
FROM BOTH SIDES
S T A I R C A S E

LAYOUT
REINFORCED STAIRCASE
CALCULATION
 L O A D A C T I O N O N

STAIRS

DIMENSION Characteristic action:

R=170mm Permanent gk =1.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
G=270mm Variable, qk = 3.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
H=250mm
Average thickness
Materials: Y=h [(𝐺 2 + 𝑅2 )2 /𝐺]
Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 25 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 Y=250 [(2702 + 1702 )2 /270]
Characteristic strength of concrete, fyk = 500
𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 Average thickness
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 t = y +(R/2)
Assumed: cover,c = 25 mm Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 12𝑚𝑚 =295+ (170/2)
=380mm
 L O A D A C T I O N O N

STAIRS

ACTION Flight
Landing Slab selfweight (0.38×25) = 9.50 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Slab selfweight (0.25×25) = 6.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 Permanent load (excluding selfweight) =
Permanent load (excluding selfweight) = 1.00 1.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 Characteristic permanent action, 𝑔𝑘 =
Characteristic permanent action, 𝑔𝑘 = 7.25 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 10.50 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Characteristic variable action, 𝑞𝑘 = 3.00 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 Characteristic variable action, 𝑞𝑘 = 3.00
Design action, 𝑛𝑑 = 1.35 7.25 + 1.5 3 = 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
14.29 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 Design action, 𝑛𝑑 = 1.35 7.25 + 1.5 3 =
18.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
S H E A R F O R C E

DIAGRAM

14.29 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
18.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 18.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

2.97 𝑚 1.3 𝑚 2.97 𝑚

F = 2(18.68×2.97) + (14.29×1.3)
=129.54 kN/m
B E N D I N G M O M E N T

DIAGRAM

2.97 𝑚 1.3 𝑚 2.97 𝑚

M = FL/10
=129.54(7.24)/10
=94 kNm/m
 M A I N

REINFORCEMENT

Main reinforcement Z=d [0.5+ 0.25 − 𝐾/1.134]= 0.93d ≤ 0.95d

Effective depth d=h-c-0.5Ø𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 250-25-05(12) = 𝐴𝑆 = 𝑀/0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧
219mm 106
=94×
0.87 500 0.93 219
=1061 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚𝑚
Design moment, 𝑀𝑒𝑑
Main bar H12-75 1509 𝒎𝒎𝟐 /𝒎𝒎
𝐾= 𝑀/𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Minimum and maximum reinforcement area
𝐾= 94×106 /(1000×2192 ×25)
=0.078<𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.167 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦𝑘
Compression reinforcement is not required
2.6
= 0.26 1000 219 = 296𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
500
 S E C O N D A R Y

REINFORCEMENT
Secondary reinforcement
𝐴𝑠 = 20% 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
=0.2×1061=212 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
 S H E A R F O R C E

CHECKING

SHEAR
𝑀𝐵 = 0
2.97
𝑣𝑎 7.20 − 18.68 2.97 + 1.3 + 2.97 −
2
1.3 2.97
14.291 1.3 + 2.97 − 18.68 2.97 =0
2 2
𝑉𝐴 =64.85 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑉𝐵 =64.85 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
 S H E A R F O R C E

CHECKING
Design shear force, 𝑉𝑒𝑑 = 64.85 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 𝜌𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠 /𝑏𝑑 ≤ 0.02
= 1509/1000(219)=0.007
Design shear resistance,
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 =[0.12𝑘(100𝜌 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) ]bd
3 1
𝑘𝑁
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 =[0.12(2.0)(100 × 0.007 × 25) ](1000)(219) = 136.46
3
𝑚
K=1+ (200/d) ≤ 2.0
2
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝐾 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 ]𝑏𝑑
1
K=1+ (200/219) = 2.0
2 =[0.035×2.03/2 × 251/2 ](1000)(219)
=108.399 N/m =108.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑘𝑁
So, 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 130.46 𝑚 > 𝑉𝑒𝑑 ok!
 D E F L E C T I O N

CHECKING
Percentage of required tension requirement Percentage of required compression requirement,
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝜌= = 1106/(1000×219)=0.0051 𝜌= =0
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑

Reference reinforcement ratio Factor for structural system, k=1.5

𝜌𝑜 = (𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/2 ×10−3 = (25)1/2 ×10−3 = 0.005 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑜
𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜
l/d=k[11+1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 1/12 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( − 1)
𝜌−𝜌1 𝜌

=k(11+1.5 25×(0.005/0.0051)+0]
=27.53
 D E F L E C T I O N

CHECKING
Modification factor for span less than 7m = 1.00
Modification factor steel area provided
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 1506
= = 1.42 < 1.5
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 1061

Therefore allowable span effective depth ratio,

(l/d)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 =27.53×1.00×1.42=39.09

Actual span effective depth

7240
(l/d)𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 33.06 <(l/d)𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
219
 C R A C K I N G

CHECKING

CRACKING
n=250mm>200mm
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐺𝑘 +0.3𝑄𝑘 𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 1
𝑓𝑠 = × × ×
γ𝑠 1.35𝐺𝑘 +1.5𝑄𝑘 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝛿
500 10.50+0.3(3) 1061
= × × ×1.0
1.15 1.35(10.50)+1.5(3) 1505

𝑤𝑘 = 0.4𝑚𝑚
Main bar, max allowable bar spacing = 300mm
Max bar spacing 75mm<300mm ok!