FISIOLOGI TULANG

OSTEOCYTES
“cells”
OSTEOGENIK
 Mature bone cells
“Producing”
 Maintain daily
Sel-sel Tulang  Unspecialized stem
metabolism
cell derived from
Struktur Tulang mesenchyme

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang OSTEOBLAS

“buds/sprouts”
OSTEOCLASTS
 Are bone-building cells
 Synthesize and secrete collagen
“Break”
fiber and other components for  Huge cells from
ECM macrophages
 Sottound themselves with ECM  Concentrated in
 become trapped In their endosteum
secretion  become osteocyte  Breakdown ECM
 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Compact Bone
•Outer layer of bone, surrounding
Tissue trabecular bone & bone marrow cavity
Sel-sel Tulang •Much denser, less active metabolically
•Compose 75% of bone in the body
Struktur Tulang •Nutrients are provided via Haversian canals
blood vessels
Mineral Tulang
•Collagen arrangement around Haversian
canals  osteon cylinders (Haversian system)

Remodelling Tulang
Spongy Bone
Tissue
Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone •Spongy bone: bone spicules separated by
spaces
Faktor Endokrin & Tulang •Compose 25% of bone in the body
•Nutrients diffuse from bone ECF
Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang
 Sel-sel Tulang
Compact Bone
Struktur Tulang Tissue

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang Spongy Bone

Tissue
 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Sel-sel Tulang
Compact Bone
Struktur Tulang Tissue

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang Spongy Bone

Tissue
 Sel-sel Tulang  Organic matrix
Struktur Tulang
Mineral Tulang
Remodelling Tulang
Gain,Maintenance& Loss of Bone
Faktor Endokrin & Tulang
•30% content of compact bone
•Collagen fibers: 90-95%
 Fibers extend primarily along the lines of tensional force;
give the powerful tensile strength
•Homogeneous gelatinous medium – ground substance: 5-
10%
 Extracellular fluids + proteoglycans (chondroitin sulfate &
hyaluronic acid)
 Help control the deposition of calcium salts

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang  Bone salts

•70% content of compact bone
•Crystalline salts (principally calcium & phosphate):
hydroxyapatite, Ca/P ratio: 1.3-2.0; long, flat shaped crystal
plates; compressional strength
•Mg, Na, K, carbonate
 Sel-sel Tulang
Struktur Tulang
Mineral Tulang
Remodelling Tulang
Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone
Faktor Endokrin & Tulang
Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang
Bone Remodelling
is the ongoing replacement of old
bone tissue by new bone tissue
Bone Resorption Bone Deposition
removal of minerals and the addition of minerals and
collagen fibers from bone by collagen fibers to bone by
osteoclasts osteoblasts
• about 5% of the total bone mass in the body is being remodeled
• Remodeling also takes place at different rates in different regions of the body
• The distal portion of the femur is replaced about every 4 months
• Even after bones have reached their adult shapes and sizes, old bone is
continually destroyed and new bone is formed in its place
• Remodeling also removes injured bone, replacing it with new bone tissue
• Remodeling may be triggered by factors such as exercise, sedentary lifestyle,
and changes in diet.
 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Sel-sel Tulang

Struktur Tulang

Mineral Tulang

Remodelling Tulang

Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone

Faktor Endokrin & Tulang

Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang

 Sel-sel Tulang
Struktur Tulang
Mineral Tulang
Remodelling Tulang
Gain,Maintenance&Loss of Bone
Faktor Endokrin & Tulang
Faktor Nutrisi & Tulang
• Mineral yang berperan dalam Pertumbuhan dan
Pemeliharaan pada tulang yang normal
• Kalsium dan Fosfat
• Mineral kecil lainnya: Magnesium, fluoride, besi dan
mangan
• Cholecalciferol (vit D3) diproduksi dikulit atau diserap dari
makanan
• Vit C  sintesis kolagen  merangsang differensiasi
osteoblast (Defisiensi tulang  massa tulang dan
kekuatan <<)
• Vit A  merangsang aktivitas osteoblast
• Vit K dan vit B12  sintesis protein dalam tulang normal
METABOLISME
KALSIUM DAN
FOSFAT
TRIANA RIZKIA MALIK
1510211014
 Distribusi Kalsium

Asupan Kalsium

Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium

Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat

Metabolisme Tulang

Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap

Homeostasis Kalcium
 Total Kalsium tubuh = Asupan – Keluaran
Distribusi Kalsium

Total Kalsium tubuh Asupan

Asupan Kalsium
• CES Berasal dari makanan
• CIS dan diserap di usus halus
Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat
• ECM (Tulang : dalam Hanya 1/3 asupan Ca2+
bentuk hidroksiapatit) yang diabsorbsi
Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium Keluaran

Terjadi melalui ginjal
Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat dan sebagian kecil
dieksresikan melalui
Metabolisme Tulang feses
Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap
Homeostasis Kalcium
 Distribusi Kalsium (1000 mg/hari)

Asupan Kalsium

Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium

Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat

Metabolisme Tulang

Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap

Homeostasis Kalcium
 Distribusi Kalsium

Asupan Kalsium

Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium

Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat

Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap

Homeostasis Kalcium
 Distribusi Kalsium

Asupan Kalsium

Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium

Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat

Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap

Homeostasis Kalcium
 Distribusi Kalsium

Asupan Kalsium

Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat

Peran Kalcium

Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat

Pengontrolan Hormonal terhadap

Homeostasis Kalcium
 Distribusi Kalsium
Asupan Kalsium
Eksresi Kalsium dan Fosfat
Absorbsi Kalsium dan Fosfat
Peran Kalcium
Homeostasis Kalsium dan Fosfat
Pengontrolan Hormonal
terhadap Homeostasis Kalcium
 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
o a steroid hormone formed from vitamin D
o increases calcium absorption from the intestine.
 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
o mobilizes calcium from bone, increases urinary
phosphate excretion.
 Calcitonin,
o secreted primarily by cells in the thyroid gland
o inhibits bone resorption
All three hormones operate in concert to maintain the
constancy of the
Ca2+ level in the body fluids
REFERENSI
• Anatomi dan Fisiologi Tortora
• Anatomi dan Fisiologi Martini
• Fisiologi Guyton
• Fisiologi Silverthorn