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Management quota
Gender based
State of domiciles
Caste based
After Independence, the First Backward Class Commission in 1953 headed by Kaka Kalekar, a Gandhian,
faced a major handicap because of a lack of accurate population estimates. The last census ever done at the
basis of caste was in 1931 and it determined that OBCs formed 52% of the population. Without any rational
basis for its recommendation, the Kalekar Commission drew up a list of 2,399backward castes and communities
and classified 837 groups as most backward. It stunned the then government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru by
recommending a 70 percent reservation of seats in all technical and professional institutions apart from
substantial reservations for government jobs. The government refuse to accept the recommendations with Nehru
coming out strongly against any move to divide the nations on the basis of castes.
The second Backward Commission formed in 1979 and headed by B.P.Mandal, a former Bihar chief minister and
an MP, was again hampered by a lack of figures. The Mandal Commission, as it came to be famously known
bolstered its deductions with extensive field surveys apart from Getting the census department to make
extrapolations based on the 1931 census. It pruned the OBC list down to 2,052 and recommended a reservation
of 27 percent for OBC`s to all government services as well as technical and professional institutions both at the
Center and State level.
1979-Mandal Commission was established to assess the situation of the socially and
educationally backward.[5] The commission didn't have exact figures for a sub-caste,
known as the Other Backward Class(OBC), and used the 1930[6] census data, further
classifying 1,257 communities as backward, to estimate the OBC population at 52%.[6]
FACTS ON RESERVATION
Here are some facts and statistics which clearly indicate the failure of the policy of reservation:
Percentage of literacy among Scheduled Castes is 37 %
High school drop out rate in SCs is 80 %
Number of government jobs lying vacant under the quota is 1 lakh.
50% SC/ST seats are vacant in IITs. Out of remaining 50%, one fourth fail to get the degree even in 6 years
Half of the undergraduate seats are lying vacant in Delhi University under quota for SCs
Landlords (Yadavs etc.) and Millionaires (Jewellers Suniare ) are also considered as backwards/OBC.
According to the NSSO - which is a government appointed body - 23.5 per cent of the college seats are already
with the OBCs.
Former president KR Narayanans daughter secured her entry into the Indian Foreign Service via SC reservation.
Does president of India need Affirmative Action??
Although Sikhism, Buddhism, and ISLAM strictly forbid caste system, fake caste order is created in these religions
to extend reservation.
If the reservation given on the basis of below poverty line or laborer class and small farmers they will get the
benefits like that on the basis of population (a study of NSS data):
1. Upper castes 3%, 2.Muslim: 19%, 3.Lower OBC Castes60%, 4.SC/CT:18% If the reservation given on economic
basis the poor OBC, Muslim and SC/ST will get more reservation in comparison of existing reservation policy. And
benefits will reach the needy people.
No Data exist to establish the total percentage of OBCs in Indian population, as the OBCs don really exist on caste
basis. There are castes which fall OBC category in one state and general category in another state.
There has been a constant increase in the number of Backward Castes during last 59 years of independence
despite the policy of Reservation. Starting from less than 100, number of listed Backward/Dalit Castes has reached
a whooping number of 3743.
indian Government now Indian law provides for a quota system whereby a
percentage of posts are reserved in employment in Government and in the
public sector units, and in all public and private educational institutions,
except in the religious/ linguistic minority educational institutions, in order to
mitigate backwardness of the socially and educationally backward
communities and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who do not have adequate
representation in these services and institutions. The reservation policy is
also extended to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for
representation in the Parliament of India. The central government of India
reserves 27% of higher education, and individual states may legislate further
reservations. Reservation cannot be exceeded 50%, as per the rulings given
by the supreme court, but certain Indian states like Rajasthan have proposed
a 68 % reservation which includes a 14% reservation for forward castes.[
Present practice
THE FACTS
1. There is existing social inequality in India. There are some who
get less opportunities.
2. Affirmative action is needed to benefit this lot of people and bring
them out of their poverty
3. Reservations have a great potential
Social change
Presence of Lack of
merit opportunity
SUCCESS
Same environment
4 YEARS
4 YEARS
OPEN RESERVED
CATEGORY
Same teachers CATEGORY
Same books
NOW THE REAL PICTURE…
BRIGHT QUALITY
YOUNG HIGHER
STUDENT QUALITY PRIMARY EDUCATION EDUCATION
DEMANDS
(A) Immediate:
1.Review the provisions of the Mandal Commission
• The Mandal Commission report is more than 26 years old now.
• The statistics are 75 years old!
• India has gone through a sea change in just the last 15 years
• Fragments society into different castes, and does not look at
individuals as individuals
category students
DEMANDS
(C) Long term:
1. Improve quality of basic education:
• This is the only means of meaningful social uplift
• All the other methods are merely cosmetic, and temporary
SUGGESTIONS
1. Commission must specify criteria for reservations:
• The criteria must be very specific, based on current data
• Individuals without merit OR without lack of opportunities MUST
Bad results
Cut-off point
Clustering of
bad results
Ineligible for
reservations
THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION MODEL
Merit
20%
Socio-
economic
situation
80%
IN CONCLUSION
• We are NOT against reservations
• We ARE against those who play the caste card for their
vested interests
Let us come
together and make
an India, that looks
at individuals not as
members of any
particular caste, but
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