ESTIMATION ELECTRIC IN BUILDINGS

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 Content
1. MV, LV, and ELV System.
2. Lighting System.
3. Power Socket Outlet System.
4. Earthing and Lighting Protection
5. Cable tray and Main Distribution Board.
6. Single Line Diagram.
7. Calculating Power Consumption

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 1.MV,LV and ELV System.
MV (Medium Voltage)
Medium Voltage is a term used by electrical
power distribution industry (1-35KV)
 Cambodia we use 22KV

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 1.MV, LV and ELV System.
LV (Low Voltage)
Low Voltage is a relative term, the definition
varying by context (380V)
 Cambodia we use (220-380V)

gh

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 1.MV, LV and ELV System.
ELV (Extra low Voltage)
ELV Substation is an electricity supply
voltage in a range which carries a low risk of
dangerous electrical shock.
1. Data
2. Telephone
3. CCTV
4. Fire Alarm

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 1.MV,LVand ELV System.
HV/LV Substation
HV/LV Substation is a part of an Electrical
generation, transmission and distribution.

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 1.MV,LV and ELV System.
TRANSFORMER
Transformer is an electrical device that
transfers electrical energy between two or
more circuits through electromagnetic
induction.

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 1.MV,LVand ELV System.
GENERATOR
Generator is a device that coverts
mechanical or chemical energy in to
electrical energy.

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 2.Lighting System.
Lighting
Lighting is a an electromagnetic wave or that
it’s made of photons.
 How to choose light in the buildings?

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 2.Lighting System.
1. Application Drawing Place.

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 2.Lighting System.
2. Application lighting .

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 2.Lighting System.

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 2.Lighting System.
3. Requirements for Lighting levels .

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 2.Lighting System.
. Calculation Lighting .
1. Calculation by Formula
2. Calculation by Software

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 2.Lighting System.
Calculation by Software Dialux

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 2.Lighting System.
. Lighting detail installation.

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 3.Power socket outlet .
Power socket outlet
Power socket outlet we use in the banks and
office buildings the receptacle loads shall
be, calculated to be the larger of (1)or (2)

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 3.Power socket outlet .

 𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 = 𝑘𝑢 × 𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑚 × 𝑛𝑖 × 𝑘𝑠,𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡

0.9
=> 𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡 = 0.8 × 180 × 10 × (0.1 + )= 218.88W
8

So Device
- Single power socket 200W
- Double power socket outlet 250W
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 3.Power socket outlet .
. Power socket outlet detail installation.

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
Earthing or Grounding
Earthing or grounding system is wiring which
connects parts of an electrical system with
ground.

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
Earthing or Grounding

Not
• Erathing ≤ 10𝜴
• Erathing Lighting projection ≤ 5𝜴

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
Influence of the type of soil

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
Example
𝜌
 R=  R=
50
= 6.66𝜴
𝑛𝐿 3×3
Where
6.66
𝜌 = 50 (Clayey sand) => R= = 2.22𝜴
3
𝑛 = 3𝑛𝑜𝑠
𝐿 = 3𝑚
Reference: 𝑅 ≤ 5𝜴

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
Lighting projection

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection

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 4.Earthing and Lighting Projection
. Earthing detail installation.

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Cable tray
Cable is used to support insulated electric
cable used for power distribution and
communication.

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
1.Cable tray

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
2.Cable Ladder

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
.Cable Trunking

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
UPVC Conduit

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
1,2,3,4,Way Box

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
UPVC Conduit

A (mm) Internal

20

25

32

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
. Cable tray detail installation.

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
LV distribution Board is the electrical panel
that consists of the electrical protection
devices( CB, surge, power meter,……)
It consists of
- MSB main switch board
- MDB main distribution board
- DB distribution board

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .

MSB main switch board

MDB main distribution board DB distribution board

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Generic Names – Electrical distribution and
control devices

Air Circuit Breaker Moulded case Circuit Breaker SDF Fuse

MCB RCCB RCBO OLR Contactor

MPCB

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
CIRCUIT BREAKER
 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed
to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short
circuit.
 The kind of CB

-Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

- Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB)

- Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB)

- Residual Current Circuit Breakers(RCCB)

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Feature Circuit Breaker

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Feature RCCB

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Fuses & Holders
 A fuse is a type of low resistance
resistor that acts as a sacrificial device
to provide over current protection, of
either the load or short circuit.
 Its essential component is a metal wire
or strip that melts when too much
current flows, which interrupts the
circuit in which it is connected.
 Short circuit, overloading, mismatched
loads or device failure are the prime
reasons for excessive current.

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
AMMETER, VOLTMETERS AND SELECTOR
SWITCHES
 Ammeter is the device for
measure the current A

 Voltmeters is the device for

measure the voltage V

 Selector Switches is the device

for selecting the phase

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 7.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
DIGITAL MULTI·METER PANEL READERS

 Are a multi-function meter for measuring

electrical values in all low voltage networks.
 They can measure :
+ current
+ voltage
+ power

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
KWH METERS DIRECT
 Ammeter is the device for measure the power
 The KWh have 2 kind:
+ digital power meter

+ digital power meter + analogue power meter

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES
 Automatic transfer switch is an electrical switch that auto
switches a load between two sources.
 It switch when they sense one of the sources has lost or
gained power.
 They provide changeover, source inversion or switching
under load between 2 low voltage power circuits

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES
 Manual transfer switch is an electrical switch that
switches a load between two sources by hand.
 It is the same to Automatic transfer switch

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
CAPACITORS BANK
 A capacitor bank is a grouping of several identical
capacitors interconnected in parallel or in series with one
another.
 These groups of capacitors are typically used to correct
or counteract undesirable characteristics, such as power
factor in alternating current (AC) electrical power
supplies.

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 5.Cable tray and Distribution Board .
Power Factor Regulator
 Detect and correct displacement power factor due to
inductive loads

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 6. Single Line Diagram
Single line diagram is the blueprint for electrical
system and analysis.
• Symbol use electrical diagrams

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 6. Single Line Diagram

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 6. Single Line Diagram
Single line diagram for electrical

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 6. Single Line Diagram

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 6. Single Line Diagram
 RISER DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRICAL

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 6. Single Line Diagram
 Distribution board detail installation.

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption
 Different kinds of loads to supply.
 Example of loads

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 7.Calculating Power Consumption
 Loading factors
 Definitions
• Utilization factor –Ku
Ration of the average power absorbed by load to the
Rated power.

• Simultaneity factor – Ks
Factor taking account the non-simultaneity of
operation of different loads.

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption
 Loading factors

Circuit Function Ku Ks 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝝋

Lighting 1 1 0.95
Power Socket outlet 1 0.8 0.8
Air conditioning 1 1 0.85
Heating 1 0.75 0.85
Lift 1 0.75 0.85
Motor 1 0.85 0.85

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption
 Rated diversity factor for distribution switchboard

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption

Load is quantified by
 Active power P (W)
 Reactive power Q (kVar)
 Apparent power (KVA)

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption

Load is quantified by
 Active power P (W)
Active power = 𝑃𝑙𝑜 × 𝑛 × 𝑘𝑢 × 𝑘𝑠
 Reactive power Q (kVar)
Reactive power= 𝑃 × tan(𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑)
tan(𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜑) =tan(𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 )
 Apparent power (VA)or KVA
𝑃2 +𝑄 2
𝑆= 𝑃2 + 𝑄 2 or 𝑆 =
1000
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 7. Calculating Power Consumption
Single-phase power demand listing
Used Active Reactive Apparent Current
Description Power Qty 𝑲𝒖 𝒌𝒔 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝝋 power power Q power (A)
(W) P (W) (kVar) (KVA)
Lighting(2x28W) 56 30 1 1 0.95 1680 552.19 1.77 8

Power socket 250 10 1 0.8 0.8 2000 1500 2.5 11.36

AC 750 1 1 1 0.85 750 464.81 0.88 4

Heating 2500 1 1 0.75 0.85 1875 1162.02 2.21 10.56

Motor 2500 1 1 0.85 0.85 2125 1316.96 2.5 17.7

Total 8430 4996 10

Diversify factor (ks)=0.9

Power factor (COS φ) =0.8 7587 5690.25 9.48 43

1 phase

Not 1Phase = Active power /(220*Cos φ)

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 7. Calculating Power Consumption
Three-phase power demand listing
Used Active Reactive Apparent Current
Description Power Qty 𝑲𝒖 𝒌𝒔 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝝋 power power Q power (A)
(W) P (W) (kVar) (KVA)
Lighting(2x28W) 56 30 1 1 0.95 1680 552.19 1.77 8

Power socket 250 10 1 0.8 0.8 2000 1500 2.5 11.36

AC 750 1 1 1 0.85 750 464.81 0.88 4

Heating 2500 1 1 0.75 0.85 1875 1162.02 2.21 10.56

Motor 2500 1 1 0.85 0.85 2125 1316.96 2.5 17.7

Total 8430 4996 10

Diversify factor (ks)=0.9

Power factor (COS φ) =0.8 7587 5690.25 9.48 14

3 phase

Not 3Phase = Active power /( 𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟖0*Cos φ)

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