NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY

NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY

 Track-one diplomacy – formal diplomacy

 Track-two diplomacy
 unofficial, informal interaction among members of
adversarial groups or citizens from different states
 strives to exchange information, prepare public
opinion for compromise, and conflict resolution
strategies development
 “citizen democracy”
 NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY

TRACK-TWO DIPLOMACY:
 Involves International Government Organizations

(INGOs)
 environmental groups, human rights advocates,
churches & multinational corporations
 advocate workshops to solve conflicts of adversarial
parties (arbitrated by third parties)
 NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY

 Track-two diplomatic act performed by an

individual
 Egypt and Israel – news anchor (Cronkite)
interviewed the President of Egypt and Prime
Minister of Israel
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 Blending of track-two and track one diplomacy

 Israel (which is a state) negotiating with Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) which is an ING
 Roman Catholic Church – The Vatican has diplomatic
relations with over a hundred states
 Knights of Malta –has diplomatic relations with more
than 40 states
 NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY
 Multinational Corporations
 Allies in economic development (3rd World Countries)
 Can offer funds, aid, technology etc.
 Significant actor that can bargain and negotiate with
states
 NONSTATE ACTORS AND DIPLOMACY

 “Corporate Diplomacy” – INGOs provide

assistance to other states and act as
representatives
 INGOs bring government representatives, economic
scholars, and business leaders in contact with each
other
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 Increase in participation of INGOs, private actors
etc. in diplomacy and international relations.
 Importance of nonstate actors should remain in
perspective
 State is still the primary actor
 State still has the authority to make binding
decisions
MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY
 MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY
 Also known as conference diplomacy
 Involves a meeting of several states to deal with
one or more shared problems
 Problems like atomic waste disposal, pollution of
oceans, seabed resources and radio wavelengths
cannot be addressed by acting unilaterally
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 United Nations (UN)
 Arab League Organization
 African Unity
 Organization of American States
 MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY
 INGOs often go to conferences with states
 Earth Summit 1992 – hundreds of states and private
organizations attended to shape environmental norms
and goals proposed by states
 The Law of the Sea Conference – articles offering
concern about the seas
 MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY
 The Law of the Sea Conference – brings up the
question of whether or not a majority of signatory
states can make a minority of non-signatory
states to do what they want
 quasi-legislative step
 MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY
 Conclusion: Multilateral diplomacy allows all
concerned parties to meet together to solve their
problems and to be able to make agreements.
 This helps in the formation of an International
Society among states and INGOs.
 Regular use of Multilateral Diplomacy shows that
pursuit of state interests unilaterally in no longer
affordable to the world.