Fish and Amphibians

Aiah Clare Filipinas

Kurt Al Tuburan
 Fish
Fishes are limbless cold-blooded
vertebrate animals with gills and fins living
wholly in water. They belong to the Phylum
Chordata and are a paraphyletic group.
• Most fish are ectothermic(cold-blooded),
allowing their body temperatures to vary
as ambient temperatures change.

• Traditional classification divide fish into

three extant classes. These are the
jawless fish, cartilaginous fish and bony
fish.
 Class Agnatha
(Jawless fish)
Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish
in the phylum Chordata, consisting of both
present and extinct species. The group
excludes all vertebrates with jaws, known as
gnathostomes.
 Class Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish)
Chondrichthyes is a class that contains
the cartilaginous fishes. They are
jawed vertebrates with paired fins,
paired nares, scales, a heart with its
chambers in series, and skeletons made of
cartilage rather than bone.
 Class Osteichthyes
(Bony fish)
Osteichythes, popularly referred to as
the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group
of fish that have skeletons primarily
composed of bone tissue, as opposed
to cartilage. It is the largest class of
vertebrates in existence today.
 Reproduction
Oviparity is the most common form of
reproduction among fish. The female fish
lays unfertilized eggs in the water into a
cloud of sperm released by the male for
fertilization.
 Mode of Nutrition
• Fish have four basic eating groups:
• The mode of nutrition of fish is heterotrophic.
They depend on other for food.
1. Carnivores
2. Herbivores
3. Omnivores
4. Limnivores
 Economic Importance

Fish are an important resource for

humans worldwide, especially as food.
Commercial and subsistence fishers hunt in
wild fisheries or farm them in ponds or in
cages in the ocean. They are also caught by
recreational fishers, kept as pets and
sometimes exhibited at public aquaria.
Amphibians
 Amphibians

The word "amphibian" is derived from

the Ancient Greek term amphíbios which
means "both kinds of life.“The term was
initially used as a general adjective for
animals that could live on land or in water.
 Mode of Locomotion
• Limbed locomotion(walking)
• Saltatorial locomotion(hopping in frogs)
• Aquatic locomotion(swimming)
 Mode of Nutrition
With a few exceptions, adult amphibians
are predators, feeding on virtually anything
that they can swallow. The diet mostly consists
of small prey that do not move too fast such as
beetles, caterpillars, earthworms, and spiders.
 Reproduction
Most amphibians require fresh water
although some lay their eggs on land and
have developed various means of keeping
them moist.
In the tropics, many amphibians breed
continuously or at any time of year. In
temperate regions, breeding is mostly
seasonal, usually in the spring, and is
triggered by increasing day length, rising
temperatures or rainfall.
Male orange-thighed frog (Litoria xanthomera) grasping
the female during amplexus
Amplexus is a type of mating behavior
exhibited by some externally fertilizing species
in which a male grasps a female with his front
legs as part of the mating process, and at the
same time or with some time delay, he
fertilizes the female eggs as they are released
from the body.
 Ecological Importance
• Amphibians play a vital role in the ecosystem
as secondary consumers in many food chains.
• They have been a good source of food and
years ago India dominated in frog leg export
along with Southeast Asian countries