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www.powerpointpresentationon.blogspot.com


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Data Services over GSM(phase1):

ƥ       (SMS) : The SMS allows the mobile
terminal to send and receive short messages of upto 160
characters (7-bit ASCII). Messages are routed via the control
channel (which is normally used for signaling purposes)
ƥ      :The data is sent on the normal
traffic channel (TCH).
TCH : 13 kbps full rate encoded voice/
9.6 kbps data


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Disadvantage of the Circuit - Switched Service

ƥ A maximum of 9.6 kbps data rate
ƥ Inefficient utilization of radio interface (as data traffic is bursty
in nature); Inefficient resource management
ƥ Customer pays for the connection time and not for the volume
of data transferred (or usage).
ƥ Long call set up time


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Data traffic is increasing.This is a worldwide phenomena:

Internet browsing one of the principal attributes
It has already crossed the voice traffic in several countries

It is desirable to have higher bandwidth and efficient

services using existing network.
In principal, three alternatives for higher than 9.6 kbps
data rate:
ƥ High -Speed Circuit-Switched Services (ÿ)
ƥ General Packet Radio Service (R
)
ƥ Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (R)


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High Speed Circuit Switched Services (HSCSD)

ƥ Provides higher bandwidth to users
- upto 57.6 kbps by using 4 time slots (TCH) of a carrier
frequency
- 14.4 kbps per channel by new channel coding scheme.
ƥ Efficient and flexible use of higher bandwidth possible.
Implementation requires changes in channel allocation,
connection setup, handover procedures and interworking


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R
  
   R

ƥ A packet-switched service concept for data transfer
ƥ Standardized to support wide range of application from very
frequent transmission of medium to large data volumes.
ƥ Only little modification in existing GSM components (GPRS
offers a packet, switched service alongside existing circuit-
switched data services)


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GPRS Provides
ƥ A service for bursty and bulky data transfer
ƥ Use of radio resources only on demand
ƥ Shared use of physical radio resources
ƥ Maximum use of existing GSM functionality
ƥ Cost effective (depending on volume of data transferred)
billing


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GPRS Applications
(Ñ   

  
   

 
  

 
  
    
 ! 


ƥ Messaging (e.g.. Email) ƥ PTM- Multicast (send to all)
ƥ Remote access to Corporate ƥ News
networks
ƥ Traffic
ƥ Access to Internet
Information
ƥ Credit card validation (point of ƥ Weather forecast
sale) ƥ Financial updates
ƥ Utility meter reading PTMƛGroup Call (send to some)
ƥ Road toll applications Taxi / fleet management
ƥ Automatic Traffic control Conferencing

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Where GPRS is (will be) applicable ?

Market can be segmented according to the end-user
Requirement

Sales Services Logistics Vertical

Business Corporate Horizontal

and Small Companies Consumer


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Horizontal Market
Business Consumer
ƥ facsimile
ƥ e-mail ƥ e-mail
ƥ messaging ƥ Internet browsing
ƥ file transfer ƥ News
ƥ mobile office ƥ e-commerce
ƥ e-commerce ƥ entertainment
ƥ video conferencing


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Vertical Market
Operations Maintenance
ƥ Fleet management ƥ Vending machines of all
ƥ taxi services kinds
ƥ good/supply logistics ƥ Alarm and supervision
ƥ emergency services ƥ point to sales
ƥ Police ƥ telemetry
ƥ Vehicle tracking
ƥ electronic ma
ƥ traffic telematics


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Compare it with the usual GSM Network. New functional network

element in GPRS are:
ƥ Seving GPRS Support Nodes(R") : Provides the mobile
stations with functional support. It performs security functions
and access control. SGSN is connected to BSS with frame
Relay.
ƥ Gateway GPRS Support Nodes(RR") : Serves as the interface
to external networks. This node is accessed by Packet Data
Network (PDN). It contains routing information. This is where
the packet data protocol are analyzed for routing to respective
MS.
The functions of SGSN and GGSN can be implemented one unit.
All GPRS related data is stored is a GPRS Register(GR), which is
regarded as part of the GSM-HLR.

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Basic GPRS Infrastructure


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GPRS Logical Architecture


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GPRS System Architecture


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Routing in GPRS

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Routing in GPRS

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Protocol Layers in GPRS System


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Frame Structure in GPRS


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Coding of an information frame


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GPRS-Internet Connection

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Modification Required for GPRS

GSM Network Modification or Upgrade Required for GPRS

Element

A totally new subscriber terminal is required to

Subscriber access GPRS services.These new terminals will
Terminal (TE) be backward compatible with GSM for voice
calls.

BTS A software upgrade is required in the existing

base transceiver site (BTS)


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The base station controller (BSC) will also require

a software upgrade,as well as the installation of a
BSC
new piece of hardware called a packet control
unit(PCU).The PCU directs the data traffic to the
GPRS network and can be a separate hardware
element associated with the BSC
The deployment of GPRS requires the installation
Core of new core network elements called the Serving
Network GPRS Support Node(SGSN) and Gateway GPRS
Support NODE(GGSN)
Databases All the databases involved in the network will
(VLR,HLR, require software upgrades to handle the new
and so on) call models and functions introduced by GPRS.

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GPRS Limitations
ƥ Limited cell capacity for all users
ƥ Speed much lower in reality
ƥ Support of GPRS mobile terminate by terminals is not
ƥ Suboptimal modulation
ƥ Transit delays
ƥ No store and forward


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References
ƥ ƠWireless Internet Access Based on GPRSơ, Roger Kaldey Iugo
Meirick and Michael Meyer; IEEE Personal communication, ch.
8-18 ;April 2000
ƥ http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveyes/sq99issue/bettsteller.html
ƥ GSM world http://www.gsmworld.com