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LAPANGAN
PEMIMPIN …….?
KEPEMIMPINAN LAPANGAN YANG EFEKTIF
1. Taqwa
2. Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo
3. Ing Madyo Mangun Karso LEADERSHIP
LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES :
I. KENALI PEKERJAAN ANDA
II. KENALI DIRI SENDIRI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN
III. KENALI ANAK BUAH DAN UPAYAKAN KESEJAHTERAANNYA
IV. ANAK BUAH SELALU MEDAPAT INFORMASI
V. BERIKAN CONTOH
VI. YAKINKAN TUGAS DIMENGERTI, DISUPERVISI DAN SELESAI
DENGAN TUNTAS.
VII. LATIH ANAK BUAH SEBAGAI TIM
VIII. BUAT KEPUTUSAN YANG MASUK AKAL DAN TEPAT WAKTU
IX. BERTANGGUNGJAWAB DAN TUMBUHKAN RASA
TANGGUNGJAWAB PADA ANAK BUAH
X. BERIKAN PERINTAH SESUAI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN ANAK
BUAH.
XI. AMBIL ALIH TANGGUNGJAWAB ATAS SEMUA YANG ANDA
KERJAKAN
FUNGSI KEPEMIMPINAN
1. MENUNJUKKAN ARAH
2. MEMANTAU KINERJA TIM
3. MEMBERI INSTRUKSI KEPADA ANGGOTA TIM
4. MEMBERIKAN BANTUAN APABILA DIPERLUKAN
Who is a Follower ???????????????
1. Secara sukarela mengerjakan tugas atau menerima
penugasan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi
2. Menunjukkan kesetiaan kepada organisasi
3. Menyuarakan perbedaan pendapat, tetapi
mendukung keputusan kelompok/organisasi
4. Memberikan saran-saran
5. Mempertahankan perilaku yang positif bahkan
dalam masa-masa sulit
6. Bekerja secara efektif sebagai anggota tim.
“Effective followers” mampu mengatur diri
sendiri dan berkemauan untuk
melaksanakan tugas-tugasnya dengan
sempurna, sambil memberikan contoh bagi
yang lain dan memenuhi kebutuhan
organisasi .
TUNTUTAN BAGI “EFFECTIVE FOLLOWER”
17
TEHNIK KEPEMIMPINAN
PENERAPAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN
INSTRUCTIVE ( PERINTAH )
INDUCTIVE ( MENGIMBAS )
PARTICIPATIVE ( PELIBATAN )
ARGUMENTATIVE ( BERDEBAT )
CONSULTATIVE ( KONSULTASI )
EDUCATIVE ( MENDIDIK )
PERSUASIVE ( MEMBUJUK )
HASTA BRATA
PEMIMPIN HARUS MAMPU BERPERAN SEPERTI :
1. SURYA
2. CHANDRA
3. KARTIKA
4. ARGA
5. SAMIRANA
6. TIRTA
7. SAMODRA
8. DAHANA
Laku Hambeging Samirana
2
Theories of Leadership
21 OKTOBER 2017
Overview of Theories
Leadership Traits:
• Ambition and energy
• The desire to lead
• Honesty and integrity
• Self-confidence
• Intelligence
• Job-relevant knowledge
l Job Security
Traits of Leaders
Intelligence
Physical Features
Inner Motivation
Maturity
Vision & Foresight
Acceptance of Responsibility
Open-Minded and adaptability
Self-confidence
Human Relations Attitude
Fairness and Objectivity
Trait Theory
Limitations:
• No universal traits that predict leadership in all situations.
• Traits predict behavior better in “weak” than “strong” situations.
• Unclear evidence of the cause and effect of relationship of leadership
and traits.
• Better predictor of the appearance of leadership than distinguishing
effective and ineffective leaders.
Behavioral Theory
11–46
University of Michigan Studies
9
8
7
6
5 **manager’s
goal is 9,9**
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Contingency Theories
& Situational Theories of Leadership
Contingency Theories
– Fiedler Model
Cognitive Resource Theory
– Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory
– Leader-member Exchange Theory
– Path-Goal Theory
– Leader Participation Model
Contingency Theories …..
Pleasant 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Unpleasant
Friendly 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Unfriendly
Rejecting 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Accepting
Tense 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Relaxed
Cold 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Warm
Supportive 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Hostile
Boring 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Interesting
Quarrelsome 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Harmonious
Gloomy 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cheerful
Open 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Closed
Backbiting 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Loyal
Untrustworthy 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trustworthy
Considerate 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Inconsiderate
Nasty 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Nice
Agreeable 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Disagreeable
Insincere 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sincere
Kind 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Unkind
Scoring
A paternal model:
– As the child matures, the adult releases more and
more control over the situation
– As the workers become more ready, the leader
becomes more laissez-faire
Cont….
Hersey and Blencherd identify four
specific leader behaviors
The most effective behavior depends on
the follower’s ability and motivation
1. If followers are unable and unwilling to do a task,
the leader needs to give specific and clear
directions.
2. If followers are unable and willing,
The leader need to display a high task orientation.
3. If the followers are able and unwilling,
The leader needs to use a supportive and
participative style.
4. If followers are both able and willing,
The leader doesn't need to do much.
Situational Leadership Theory
HT&HR
HR<
HT&LR
LT&LR
Immature
Mature
Situational Leadership
Situational factors (motivation, capability of
followers, relationship between followers and
leader) determine the best action of leader
Leader must be flexible to diagnosis leadership
style appropriate for situation and be able to apply
style
No one best leadership style for all situations
Hersey & Blanchard’s Situational Leadership (1977)
Identified 4 different leadership styles based on readiness of followers
R1. Telling (high task/low relationship behavior)
• Giving considerable attention to defining roles and goals
• Recommended for new staff, repetitive work, work needed in a short time
span
• Used when people are unable and unwilling
R2. Selling (high task/high relationship behavior)
• Most direction given by leader encouraging people to ‘buy into’ task
• Used when people are willing but unable
R3. Participating (high relationship/low task behavior)
• Decision making shared between leaders and followers, role of leader to
facilitate and communicate
• Used when people are able but unwilling
R4. Delegating (low relationship/low task behavior)
• Leader identifies problem but followers are responsible for carrying out
response
• Used if people are able and willing
Hersey & Blanchard’s Model
LMX Premise:
– Because of time pressures, leaders form a special
relationship with a small group of followers: the “in-group”
– This in-group is trusted and gets more time and attention
from the leader (more “exchanges”)
– All other followers are in the “out-group” and get less of
the leader’s attention and tend to have formal
relationships with the leader (fewer “exchanges”)
– Leaders pick group members early in the relationship
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
House’s Path-Goal Theory
The Theory:
– Leaders provide followers with information,
support, and resources to help them achieve
their goals
– Leaders help clarify the “path” to the worker’s
goals
– Leaders can display multiple leadership types
Path-Goal Theory
11–78
Cont…
- House’s Path Goal Theory Help followers make their goals compatible with
organizational goals
Situational Leadership Similar to contingency theory