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Where,
H = Head in meters
dQ/dt = Rate of discharge in m3/s.
Hydroelectric Power Generation
Efficiency
Hydroelectric power generation is by far the most
efficient method of large scale electric power
generation. Energy flows are concentrated and
can be controlled. The conversion process
captures kinetic energy and converts it directly
into electric energy. The overall efficiency can
never be 100% however since extracting 100%.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER
PLANT
• Dam
• sluice gate
• Surge tank
• Penstock
• Spillway
• Turbine
• Powerhouse
Dam and penstock
Dam is a barrier constructed
to hold water and increase
its level . The potential energy
of store water is used to
generate electricity.
.
Sizes of Hydroelectric Power Plants
Large Hydropower:
Although definitions vary, DOE defines large
hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of more than
30 megawatts (MW).
Small Hydropower:
Although definitions vary, DOE defines small
hydropower as projects that generate 10 MW or less of
power.
Micro Hydropower:
A micro hydropower plant has a capacity of up to 100
kilowatts. A small or micro-hydroelectric power system can
produce enough electricity for a home, farm, ranch, or
village.
Advantages of hydropower plant:
• Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be
produced at a constant rate.
• If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be
shut, stopping electricity generation.
• The dam’s water can be used for irrigation purposes.
• No fuel required .
• Cost of electricity is constant .
• No air pollution is created .
• Long life.
Disadvantages of hydro p-p:
• Requires large area.
• Very high capital cost or investment .
• High quality construction .
• Site specific area .
• Effect on environment .
• Safety of the dams.