IMMUNE MECHANISM

BASIC CONCEPTS
Antigen Recognition
The immune system recognizes infection
and induces protective responses
Innate Immune System

Target for recognition: Receptors

 Common constituents  Pattern recognition

of many bacterial receptors (PRRs)
 Circulating humoral
surfaces protein
 Lipopolysaccharide  Endocytic receptors
expressed on the cell
(LPS) surface
 Pathogen-  Signaling receptors
associated  Mannose Binding
molecular patterns Lectins
(PAMPs)  10 Toll Like
Receptors/TLRs
Receptors
 After entering tissues, many
pathogens are recognized,
ingested, and killed by
phagocytes.

 Pathogen recognition and

tissue damage initiate an
inflammatory response.
Adaptive
immune
responses
are
initiated by
antigen
and
antigen-
presenting
cells in
secondary
lymphoid
tissues
 Naive T cells migrate through
peripheral lymphoid tissues,
sampling the peptide:MHC
complexes on dendritic cell
surfaces.

 T-cell responses are initiated in

peripheral lymphoid organs by
activated dendritic cells.
CD4 T cells
differentiat
e into
several
subsets of
functionall
y different
effector
cells.
 Lymphocytes
encounter and
respond to antigen
in the peripheral
lymphoid organs
 The humoral immune response is
initiated when B cells that bind
antigen are signaled by helper T
cells or by certain microbial
antigens alone.
 Helper T cells activate B cells that
recognize the same antigen
 Antibody-secreting plasma cells
differentiate from activated B cells.
 The humoral immune response is
initiated when B cells that bind
antigen are signaled by helper T
cells or by certain microbial
antigens alone.
 Helper T cells activate B cells that
recognize the same antigen
 Antibody-secreting plasma cells
differentiate from activated B cells
Recognition Pattern in the Innate
Immunity
 Target for recognition: common
constituents of many bacterial surfaces
 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
 Receptors
 Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
 Circulating humoral protein
 Endocytic receptors expressed on the cell surface
 Signaling receptors
 Mannose Binding Lectins
 10 Toll Like Receptors/TLRs
•Bacterial LPS induces Langerhans cells to
migrate, mature and initiating adaptive
immunity
•Activation of CD4 T cells required co
stimulatory molecules, CD80 (B7.1)& CD86
(B7.2)
•Activation of B cells required the help of
activated CD4 T cells
•Lymphocyte activation occur in T-cell
dependent zone of lymphonodus
 Activation of T cells required co
stimulatory molecules (B7)
 Activation of B cells required the help of
activated CD4 T cells
Figure 2-16 part 1 of 2
Figure 2-16 part 2 of 2
Figure 2-17
Mechanisms IgE
IL-
B-cell
Allergen 4
APC
Th2 Eosinophils +
CD80/86
CD28
HLA
TCR IL-5 Allergic
IT - + response
CD4
T cell

IT
- TGF- 
-
Tr1
IL-10
+
IgG
IFN- B-cell
Th1

Dendritic cells
 Setelah menangkap
antigen, DC melepaskan
diri dari jaringan dan
masuk kedalam
limfonodus
 Didalam limfonodus
menempati daerah
limfosit T
 Menjadi mature dan dapat
mengaktivasi limfosit T
Life History of DCs
Dendritic cells

•Berasal dari
sumsum tulang

•Dapat pula merupakan

differensiasi dari monosit
darah