Trigonometry for Any Angle

opposite hypotenuse
sin   csc  
hypotenuse opposite
adjacent hypotenuse
cos   sec  
hypotenuse adjacent
opposite adjacent
tan   cot  
adjacent opposite
 Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
Abbreviation

Reciprocal
Function
Co-function

Right Triangle
Definition

Unit Circle
Definition

Any Angle
Definition
Positive
Quadrants
Negative
Quadrants
Odd or Even

Domain
Range
Period
Inverse
Inverse
Domain
 Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
Abbreviation sin cos tan csc sec cot
Reciprocal csc sec cot sin cos tan
Function
Co-function cos sin cot sec csc tan
Right
Triangle
Definition
Unit Circle
Definition
Any Angle
Definition
Positive
Quadrants
Negative
Quadrants
Odd or Even
 Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
Abbreviation sin cos tan csc sec cot
Reciprocal csc sec cot sin cos tan
Function
Co-function cos sin cot sec csc tan
Right
Triangle Opp/hyp Adj/hyp Opp/adj Hyp/opp Hyp/adj Adj/opp
Definition
Unit Circle y x y/x 1/ y 1/x x/y
Definition
Any Angle
Definition
Positive
Quadrants
Negative
Quadrants
Odd or Even
 Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
Abbreviation sin cos tan csc sec cot
Reciprocal csc sec cot sin cos tan
Function
Co-function cos sin cot sec csc tan
Right
Triangle Opp/hyp Adj/hyp Opp/adj Hyp/opp Hyp/adj Adj/opp
Definition
Unit Circle y x y/x 1/ y 1/x x/y
Definition
Any Angle
Definition
Positive 1 and 2 1 and 4 1 and 3 1 and 2 1 and 4 1 and 3
Quadrants
Negative 3 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4
Quadrants
Odd or Even
An even function:
f(x) = f(-x)

cos(30o) = cos(-30o)?

cos(135o) = cos(-135o)?

The cosine and its

reciprocal are even
functions.

7
An odd function:
f(-x) = -f(x)

sin(-30o) = -sin(30o)?

sin(-135o) = -sin(135o)?

The sine and its

reciprocal are odd
functions.

8
An odd function:
f(-x) = -f(x)

tan(-30o) = -tan(30o)?

tan(-135o) = -tan(135o)?

The tangent and its

reciprocal are odd
functions.

9
Cosine and secant functions are even
cos (-t) = cos t sec (-t) = sec t

Sine, cosecant, tangent and cotangent

are odd
sin (-t) = - sin t csc (-t) = - csc t
tan (-t) = - tan t cot (-t) = - cot t

Add these to your worksheet

10
How can we memorize it?
 Symmetry
 For Radians
the
denominators
help!
 Knowing the
quadrant gives
the correct
+ / - sign
 ON YOUR OWN try these…
 Write the question and the answer
 
1. cos
3

13
 
2. sin
6

14
 5
3. sin
6

15
 2
4. cos
3

16
 
5. cos 
2

17
 
6. sin
3

18
 13
7. cos
6

19
 3
8. sin
2

20
9. sin (  )

21
 3
10. tan
4

22
23
 1
2


1. cos
3

24
 1
2


2. sin
6

25
 1
2

5
3. sin
6

26
 1

2

2
4. cos
3

27
 0


5. cos 
2

28
 3
2


6. sin
3

29
 3
2

13
7. cos
6

30
 1

3
8. sin
2

31
 0

9. sin(  )

32
 1

3
10. tan
4

33
Let θ be an angle in standard position. Its
reference angle is the acute angle θ’ (called
“theta prime”) formed by the terminal side of θ
and the horizontal axis.
Let θ be an angle in standard position and its
reference angle has the same absolute value
for the functions, the sign ( +/ - ) must be
determined by the quadrant of the angle.
 Quadrant II θ’ = π – θ (radians)
= 180o – θ (degrees)
 Quadrant III θ’ = θ – π (radians)
= θ – 180o (degrees)
 Quadrant IV θ’ = 2π – θ (radians)
= 360o – θ (degrees)
Given a point on the terminal side
Let  be an angle in standard position with
(x, y) a point on the terminal side of  and r
be the length of the segment from the origin
to the point

(x,y)
r
Then…. θ

r x y 0
2 2
 Thesix trigonometric functions can be
defined as

sin   y cos  x tan  y , x  0

r r x
r r x
csc   , y  0 sec   , x  0 cot  , y  0
y x y

Add these definitions to summary worksheet

 Sine Cosine Tangent Cosecant Secant Cotangent
Abbreviation sin cos tan csc sec cot
Reciprocal csc sec cot sin cos tan
Function
Co-function cos sin cot sec csc tan
Right
Triangle Opp/hyp Adj/hyp Opp/adj Hyp/opp Hyp/adj Adj/opp
Definition
Unit Circle y x y/x 1/ y 1/x x/y
Definition
Any Angle y/r x/r y/x r/y r/x x/y
Definition
Positive 1 and 2 1 and 4 1 and 3 1 and 2 1 and 4 1 and 3
Quadrants
Negative 3 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4
Quadrants
Odd or Even Odd Even Odd Odd Even Odd
Find sin, cos and tan given (-3, 4) is a point on
the terminal side of an angle.
1. Find r
2. Find the ratio of the sides of the reference angle
3. Make sure you have the correct sign based upon
quadrant

Find r. (-3)2 + (4)2= r2 (-3, 4)

r =5 r
θ

sin θ = 4/5
cos θ = -3/5
tan θ = -4/3
The cosine and sine of the angle are positive
1
The cosine and sine are negative
3
The cosine is positive and the sine is negative.
4
The sine is positive and the tangent is negative
2
The tangent is positive and the cosine is negative.
3
The secant is positive and the sine is negative.
4
Given tan  = -5/4 and the cos  > 0, find the
sin  and sec .

Which quadrant is it in?

The tangent is negative,

and the cosine is positive

Quadrant IV θ
at point (4, -5)
r
(4, -5)
Find r and use the
triangle to find the sine
and secant
 Let  be an angle in quadrant II such that
sin  = 1/3 find the cos  and the tan .

Set up a triangle based

upon the information
given . (x, 1)

Calculate the other side 3

θ

Find the other

trigonometric functions