Blue Tooth

6-1.
Bluetooth Architecture
Overview
NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 1

Agenda
• Who is Bluetooth?
– History and Background
• What does Bluetooth do for you?
– Usage Model
• What is Bluetooth?
– Compliance, compatibility
• What does Bluetooth do?
– Technical points
• Architectural Overview of Bluetooth

Who is Bluetooth?
• Harald Blaatand “Bluetooth” II
• King of Denmark 940-981
– Son of Gorm the Old (King of Denmark) and Thyra
Danebod (daughter of King Ethelred of England)
• This is one of two Runic stones

erected in his capitol city of
Jelling (central Jutland)
• The stone’s inscription (“runes”) say:
 Harald controlled Denmark and
Norway
 Harald thinks “notebooks” and
“cellular phones” should
seamlessly communicate

Bluetooth Background
• 1997. - Designed by Ericsson
• 1998.2 - Established the Special interest group (form SIG 1)

Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel
• 1998.5 - Bluetooth Consortium is established formally.
• 1999.7 - Bluetooth v1.0beta

Core Specification and Foundation Profile
• 1999.12 - Lucent、3Com、Motorola、Microsoft (form SIG 2)
• 2001.2 - Bluetooth v1.1
• 2002 – IEEE 802.15 WPAN

 IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth)
 IEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence
 IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher Rate
 IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate

Bluetooth Background
Bluetooth SIG 代表性成員（按產業別分類）
半導體電信電腦與周邊消費性電子網路汽車和其他

Fujitsu Alcatel Acer Canon 3Com BMW
Hewlett- AT&T Wireless Canon Casio Broadcom British Airways
Packard British Telecom Compaq Fuji Photo Harris Federal Express
Hitachi Semi Daewoo Telecom Dell Computer Hitachi Hitachi Ford
IBM Ericsson Gateway 200 LG Electronics Intel Harris
Intel France Telecom Hitachi Nokia Lucent Saab
LSI Logic Hitachi IBM Philips Nortel Tektronix
Mitsubishi LG Telecom NCR Radio Shack Networks Thomson
Motorola Motorola NEC Samsung Siemens AG Tokyo Gas Co.
NEC Nokia Palm Sanyo Xircom Volvo
Philsar NTT DoKoMo Ricoh Sharp
PrairieComm Taiwan Telcom Seiko Epson Sony
Philips Symbian Toshiba
Samsung Sprint PCS
Silicon Wave Qualcomm
TI
Toshiba
…Etc.
資料來源：Bluetooth SIG，2000 年 1 月
What does Bluetooth do for you?
 three major applications
Landline
Cable
Replacement
Data/Voice
Access Points
(internet access)
most important in
voice applications
Personal Ad-hoc Networks
Usage Model (Ultimate Headset)

Usage Model (Ultimate Headset)
• Keep your hands free for
– Car
– Office
– Road

Usage Model (Automatic Synchronizer)
• Background Synchronization
– PDA
– Cellular Phone
– Notebook

Usage Model (Three in One Phone)
• Intercom (Walki Talki)

• Cordless
• Cellular

Usage Model (Three in One Phone)
• Office (No telephone charge)
• Home (Fixed line charge)
• Outdoor (Mobile phone charge)

Usage Model (Remote Control &Transmission)

Usage Model (Conference Scenario)
• Conference Table
– Share and exchange data

Usage Model (killer application)

Key Characteristics
• Low cost
– Market consideration
• Low power consumption

– Portable device consideration
– Short Range
• Unlicensed Used
– ISM band used
• Robust operation
– Fast frequency hopping
– Short packet length
• Multiple links
• Mixed voice and data
• Sized 0.5 squire inches

Mobile = Battery life
• Low power consumption*
– Standby current < 0.3 mA
3 months
– Voice mode 8-30 mA
75 hours
– Data mode average 5 mA
(0.3-30mA, 20 kbit/s, 25%)
120 hours
• Low Power Architecture
– Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)
– Hold and Park modes 60 µA (rough)
» Devices connected but not participating
» Hold retains AMA address, Park releases AMA, gets
PMA address
» Device can participate within 2 ms

Bluetooth Specifications
Applications
IP
SDP RFCOMM
Applications
Data
L2CAP
Audio Firmware
Link Manager
Baseband Bluetooth chip
(Single chip with RS-232,
RF USB or PC card interface)

Bluetooth Certifications
T e c h n o l o g y
Certification
T e c h n o l o g y
Certification Application Framework

Application Framework
Layer Certification
Certification Classes
Applications Service
Application
Lower Interface
Framework Certification Class
vCard vCal UDP Type Layer Certification
Class Classes
vCard IrOBEX BT.OBEX BT.vCard
IP vCal
UDP
Service IrOBEX
PPP
BT.OBEX
Lower Interface
BT.PPP
BT.vCal Class
Certification
BT.UDP
vCard vCal UDP Type Class
SDP RFCOMM
PPP
vCard
IrOBEX
vCal
RFCOMM
IrOBEX
RFCOMM
IrOBEX
BT.TS0710
BT.OBEX
BT.TS0710
BT.OBEX
BT.PPP
BT.vCard
BT.OBEX
BT.vCal
Still WAP
UDP TCP/IP
PPP BT.TCP/IP
BT.PPP BT.WAP
BT.UDP
IrOBEX PPP WAP Still Images HID BT.HID BT.SImg
Img PPP RFCOMM BT.TS0710 BT.PPP
IrOBEX RFCOMM BT.TS0710 BT.OBEX
Still Audio
WAPCtrl L2TCP/IP
CAP BT.L2
CAP-A
BT.TCP/IP BT.AudioCtrl
BT.WAP
2 2
IrOBEX PPP WAP RFCOMM L CAP BT.L CAP-D BT.TS0710
Data
Audio
TS0710 TCP/IP
Img
HID
Still Images
TCP/IP
HID
Audio Ctrl
2 HID
L CAP
L2LCAP
2
CAP
BT.HID
BT.L
2
BT.L CAP-D
2
BT.LCAP-D
2
CAP-A
BT.SImg
BT.TCP/IP
BT.HID
BT.AudioCtrl
Ctrl RFCOMM
2
L CAP
2
BT.L CAP-D BT.TS0710
2 2
TCP/IP L CAP BT.L CAP-D BT.TCP/IP
Audio HID L2CAP BT.L2CAP-D BT.HID
TS0710 TCP/IP HID
Basic Layer Certification Classes
L2CAP
Ctrl
HCI:
Service Host Controller Interface
L2CAP
A
Audio U
Basic
Type
Lower Interface
Layer Certification
Class Classes
Certification Class
Link Manager
D
IA
LLM
2CAP
L2CAP LM
Audio
BT.LM-A
Data Audio
BT.L2CAP-A
Data
2
OU Service Lower Interface BT.LM-D BT.L
Certification CAP-D
Class
BB LM BB
Type BT.BB-A Class BT.BB-D BT.LM-A BT.LM-D
LM
Baseband
D
I
BB
RFL2CAP
RF
Air
LM
BT.RF
Audio
-
BT.LM-A
BT.RF
Data
-
BT.LM-D
BT.BB-A
Audio
BT.RF
BT.L 2
CAP-A
BT.BB-D
Data
BT.RF
BT.L 2
CAP-D
O A unit that supports both audio and data gets the certification class A and D.
LM BB BT.BB-A BT.BB-D BT.LM-A BT.LM-D
RF BB Example: BT.BB-A,D
RF BB
RF
RF
Air
BT.RF
-
BT.RF
-
A unit that supports both audio and data gets the certification class A and D.
BT.BB-A
BT.RF
BT.BB-D
BT.RF
RF Example: BT.BB-A,D
Basic Layer Certification

Host Control Interface (HCI) (1/3)
Program
Profile Spec
Audio L2CAP Host

HCI (Host control Interface)
HCI (Host control Interface)
Audio LMP
Bluetooth chip
Baseband
RF
Bluetooth Host
HCI (2/3)
Host Drives and Applications
Bluetooth HCI driver
Bluetooth HCI Transport driver

(USB, PC Card, PCI)
Transport Bus
HCI
HCI Transport Firmware
HCI : Host Controller Interface
provides a common interface Bluetooth Host Controller
between the bluetooth host
and the bluetooth module. Link Manager
Bluetooth Baseband
Bluetooth Radio
Bluetooth Module
HCI (3/3)
– All HCI transactions are

framed in packets:
– Commands
– Event
– Data (ACL)
– Data (SCO)

Bluetooth Products
• Blue-Dongle
• Blue-Connect
• BluePort
• Bluetooth printer
• Bluetooth Modem
• Etc.,

BT Trend (1/2)
• 2 chips solution
– RF transceiver
– Baseband BB chip
• integrated single chip (BB+RF) solution will

be provided
• Chip design house co-work with software

design company to provide total solution of
bluetooth technology

BT Trend (2/2)
Cost
$30 Headset
Version
BB RF
$10
2-chip
BB+RF
$4
Single-chip ?
Full Bluetooth Host+BB+RF Soft. modem
Performance Data Only
Version Single-chip Host+RF
2000 2001 2003 Year

Bluetooth Module
• CPU core : ARM, 8051, MIPS, etc.,
HOST
RF
Transceiver

Bluetooth Module
• Software modem is possible nowaday
HOST

RF Transceiver

Bluetooth Specifications
• 2.4 GHz ISM Unlicensed band

• Microwave ovens also use this band
• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
– Avoid interference
– 23/79 channels
– 1 MHz per channel
– 1 Mbps link rate (GFSK modulation)
– Fast frequency hopping and short data packets avoids
interference
» Nominally hops at 1600 times a second (vs. 2.5 hops/sec in IEEE
802.11)
» 625us per hop (366us for data only)
» 3200 times a second during inquiry and paging modes
• Multiple uncoordinated networks may exist and cause
interference
– CVSD (Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation) voice
coding (FEC) enables operation at high bit error rates

ISM Unlicensed Band
• 79 channels in 2.4GHz (in USA and most Europe)
Guard band Guard band
Licensed 2.402-2.480 GHz Licensed

band band
79 hopping channels
2.4 2.402 2.48 2.483

GHz
ISM unlicensed band

Frequency Range
• 2.4GHz ISM Frequency Range
Country Frequency Range RF Channels

Europe* & USA 2400 – 2483.5 MHz f=2402 + k MHz k=0,…,78
Japan 2471 – 2497 MHz f=2473 + k MHz k=0,…,22
Spain 2445 – 2475 MHz f=2449 + k MHz k=0,…,22
France 2446.5 – 2483.5 MHz f=2454 + k MHz k=0,…,22
1MHz
. . .
12 3 79
83.5 MHz

Transmit Power
• transmit power and range
 0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control)
 10-100 m
Power Min Power

Max Output
Class Output Control
100mW 1mW -4db/time
1
(20dBm) (0dB) Max twice
2.5mW 0.25mW
2 Optional
(4dBm) (-6dBm)
1mW
3 N/A Optional
(0dBm)
 Power 1mW (class 3)
•3% power of cellular phone
•10meters of transmission distance or 100m by PA
 Power 100mW(class 1)
•100 meters of transmission distance

Frequency Hopping
78
Frequency
0
Time

FHSS
Data Digital
+
Source d(t) Modulator
Transmitter Hopping Frequency

Code synthesizer
Generator
Front-end Data ^
d(t)
+
Filter Detector
Receiver
Local hopping Frequency
code generator synthesizer

Modulation and Symbol Rate
• Symbol Rate : 1M symbols/sec (1MHz)
• GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
– Binary One (1) : Positive frequency deviation
– Binary Zero (0) : Negative frequency deviation
• Maximum frequency deviation
– Between 140kHz and 175kHz
Magnitude
frequency
fo-f fo fo+f

Adaptive Frequency Hopping
• When no interference is detected, hop

over the entire frequency band
• If interference is detected at a level which
cause packet error
– Actively avoid these frequency hop locations.
– This technique is currently legal for Class 3
Bluetooth units.
– Hop locations must be maintained

Interference Simulations
– 1 Bluetooth piconet + 1 WLAN unit

– PER (Packet Error Rate) without adaptation =11%
– PER with adaptation = 0%
– 5 Bluetooth piconets separated by 5 meters + 1

WLAN unit
– PER without adaptation =15%
– PER with adaptation = 8.4%

Radio 2 WG
• Radio 2 WG mandated to be backward

compatible and interoperable with Radio 1
– 5.8G ISM band
– is optional extensions for providing additional
capabilities for applications
– Higher data rates:
• Multimedia (streaming audio/video)
• High speed image transfer
• High speed transfer of large files to (e.g.) printers
• Data rate alignment with 2.5/3G cellar networks
– 10M-12Mbps goal

Network Topology
• Radio Designation
– Connected radios can be master
or slave
– Radios are symmetric (same
radio can be master or slave) S
P
• Piconet M M
– Master can connect to 7 sb P

simultaneous or 200+ active
slaves per piconet
– Each piconet has maximum S
sb
capacity (1 Msps and 1 Mbps) P S S
» Unique hopping pattern/ID
• Scatternet
– High capacity system
» Minimal impact with up to 10
piconets within range
– Radios can share piconets!

Piconet vs. Scatternet
• A scatternet contains two piconets
Scatternet
Piconet
Slave
Master
Master
Piconet
Slave Slave
Slave
Slave
Piconet and Scatternet
point-to-point multi-point
(piconet) (piconet)
scatternet
Master host Slave host

Device Addressing (1/2)
• Every Bluetooth device has unique 48-bit Bluetooth Device
Address (BD_ADDR) which is assigned by SIG
• The BD_ADDR is used to control the system functions :
– Hopping sequence
– Channel access code
– Encryption key
• The BD_ADDR contains 3 parts:
– 24-bit Lower Address Part (LAP)
» Used to identify unique BT device (reduce overhead)
– 8-bit Upper Address Part (UAP)
» Used to determine the hopping sequence
– 16-bit Non-significant Address Part (NAP)
16 8 24 bits
BD_ADDR NAP UAP LAP

Device Addressing (2/2)
• AM_ADDR (Active Member Address)
– Each slave is assigned a 3-bit address
– 7 slaves in a piconet is available
– 000 : for broadcasting packets (I.e. master address)
» An exception is FHS (Frequency Hopping Synchronization) packet
which may use “000” address but is not a broadcast message
– Slaves that are disconnected or parked give up their
AM_ADDRs
• PM_ADDR (Parked Member Address)

– Slaves that enter the park mode will obtain a 8-bit PM_ADDR
– At most 256 slaves are in park mode in a piconet

Clock Synchronization
• CLKN (Native Clock)

– Exist in each bluetooth device
– The counter can not be frozen and adjusted
– Clock resolution : 312.5us (half slot time : used for
paging/inquiry procedures)
– slave follows its master CLKN to hop in a piconet
» Master need inform the slave its CLKN and BD_ADDR
» Slave adds offset into its CLKN to synchronize with master
Slave + Master clock same hopping sequence

Native CLK 3, 56, 7, 23, 44, …
BD_ADDR
offset
Master
BD_ADDR

Clock Synchronization
• CLKE (Estimated Clock)

– Is used when master pages a known slave device (has
been inquired)
– Master uses the slave’s BD_ADDR to estimate the
slave’s CLKN
estimated slave’s
Slave + Slave clock
CLKE hopping sequence
BD_ADDR 3, 56, 7, 23, 44, …
paging
Slave
BD_ADDR

IDa
The Piconet IDd
IDd
IDa D IDa P
A
M
IDe IDe
E sb
IDa
IDb B
IDb S IDa
IDc C
IDc S
• All devices in a piconet hop together

– In forming a piconet, master gives slaves its clock and device ID
(BD_ADDR) via FHS packet
» Hopping pattern determined by device ID (48-bit) IDa
» Phase in hopping pattern determined by Clock

• Non-piconet devices are in standby sb
• Piconet Addressing
– Active Member Address (AMA, 3-bits) M or S
– Parked Member Address (PMA, 8-bits) P

Basic Baseband Protocol
Frame (1.25 ms) Frame
fk fk+1 fk fk+1
Master
One
Slot
Master Three Slot Packet
Packet
One
One Slave Slot
Slave Slot
Packet
Packet
625 us
625 us
One Slot
One Slot
• Spread spectrum frequency hopping radio
– Hops every packet
» Packets are 1, 3 or 5 slots long
– Frame consists of two packets
» Transmit followed by receive
– Nominally hops at 1600 times a second (1 slot
packets)
Time Division Duplex (TDD)
• Master : even numbered slots
• Slave : odd numbered slots
• The Slot Number ranges from 0- 227-1.
f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2)
Master
+/-10 s 220 s
Slave
guard Packet
time
time
even (625s) odd (625s) even slot
Access code/Header Payload guard time for hopping

Multi-slot Packets
• Different packet overhead will result in different throughput
– DH1 : 172.8Kbps in Sym. and Asyn. modes
– DH3 : 390.4Kbps in Sym. mode; 387.2 and 54.4Kbps in Asyn.
Mode
– DH5 : 433.9Kbps in Sym. mode; 721 and 57.6Kbps in Aysn.
» DH : without FEC
1-slot f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)

Packet
(DH1)
3-slot f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)

Packet
(DH3)
5-slot f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2) f(2k+3) f(2k+4)

Packet
(DH5)
even (625s) odd (625s) even (625s) odd (625s)
Connection Procedure (1/3)
• Standby
– Waiting to join a piconet
• Inquire
– Ask about radios to
connect to
• Page
– Connect to a specific radio
• Connected
– Actively on a piconet
(master or slave)
• Park/Sniff/Hold
– Low Power connected
states

ID packet ID : GIAC/DIAC
FHS packet FHS : slave’s BD_ADDR,

CLKN, Class of Devise(CoD),
Page Scan Interval
ID packet ID : DIAC
ID packet
FHS : master’s BD_ADDR,

FHS packet CLKN, CoD, BCH parity, AMA
Data packet

ID Packet
• Access Code
34bits 24bits 6bits
BCH Parity LAP Barker

Word 24 bits Sequence
• During a connection
– identifies the packet as being from or to a specific Master
• Other modes
– in inquiry to produce the Inquiry Access Code (IAC)

FHS Packet Format
• Used when
1. Master inquiries device during inquiry procedure, return from
Slave
2. Master pages a Slave during page procedure, sent from
Master
3. A device switches as Master

Unconnected Standby
Standby
h
tac
Ttypical=2s
De
Connecting Inquiry Page
States
Ttypical=0.6s
Transmit
Active Connected
data
AMA
States AMA
Ttypical=2 ms Ttypical=2 ms
Releases PARK HOLD

Low Power AMA
PMA AMA
States Address

Page and Inquire Scans
18 slots 18 slots
Page Scan
Page Scan
Sleep Ttypical=1.25
Connected Ttypical=1.25
Inquire
Inquire
Scan
Scan
Standby Connected
18 slots 18 slots
• A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires

– Consumes 18 slots every 1.25 s (or so) for each scan
 slot is 0.625 ms

Page and Inquire Scans
• Inquiry scan:
– 32 channels (of 79 channels) are assigned for inquiry
procedure
– 32 channels are divided as 2 trains (Trains A and B), each one
contains 16 channels.
• Page scan:
– 32 channels (of 79 channels) are assigned for page procedure
– 32 channels are divided as 2 trains (Trains A and B), each one
contains 16 adjacent channels.
– Train A : f(k-8), f(k-7), … f(k), f(k+1), … , f(k+7)
– Train B : f(k-16), f(k-15), … f(k-9), f(k+8), … , f(k+15)
• 3200 hop/sec
• Broadcast ID packet (with specified GIAC or DIAC)

Inquiring for Radios
IDd
IDa D
IDb B
IDc C
• Radio wants to find other radios in the area

IDd
IDa D
INQ
A
INQ
Inquire
INQ
IDb B
IDc C
• Radio Wants to find other radios in the area

– Radio A issues an Inquire (pages with the Inquire ID)
» Radios B, C and D are doing an Inquire Scan

IDd
IDa D
IDb
IDb B
IDc C

» Radios B, C and D are doing a Inquire Scan
– Radio B recognizes Inquire and responds with an FHS
packet
» Has slave’s Device ID and Clock

IDd
IDb
IDa D
INQ
A
INQ
Inquire
INQ
IDb B
IDc C

» Radios B, C and D are doing a Inquire Scan
– Radio B recognizes Inquire and responds with an FHS
packet
» Has slave’s Device ID and Clock
IDd
IDb
IDa IDd D
IDc
IDb B
IDc C

– Radio A Issues an Inquire (again)
– Radios C and D respond with FHS packets
» As radios C & D respond simultaneously packets are
corrupted and Radio A won’t respond
» Each radio waits a random number of slots and listens
IDd
IDb
IDa D
INQ
A
INQ
Inquire
INQ
IDb B
IDc C


IDd
IDb
IDa D
IDc
IDb B
IDc C

– Radios C respond with FHS packets

IDd
IDb
IDa D
IDc
INQ
A
INQ
Inquire
INQ
IDb B
IDc C


IDd
IDb
IDa IDd D
IDc
A
IDb B
IDc C

– Radios D respond with FHS packets

IDd
IDb
IDa D
IDc
A
IDd
IDb B
IDc C

– Radios D respond with FHS packets
– Radio A now has information of all radios within range

Inquiry Procedure
fk fk+1 fk fk+1 fk+4
IDa
INQUIRER
IDb
INQ INQ INQ
IDb fk+1
STANDBY FHS
625 s
• Inquiry has unique device address (all BT radio use)
– ID packet with dedicated or general access code
– Unique set of “Inquiry” hop frequencies
• Any device can inquire by paging the Inquiry address
• Correlater hit causes slave to respond with FHS packet
– Device ID
– Clock
– Etc.
Inquiry Procedure
1.25ms Fully scan Train A:16*0.625ms=10ms
2 slots (1) Train A will be scanned 256 times: 2.56s
(2) Train B will be scanned 256 times: 2.56s
Repeat scan Trains A and B two complete cycles:
1 2 3 15 16 2*(2.56+2.56)=10.24s
repeat 256 times
INQUIRER
train A A A A A B A A A
10 ms
16 slots = 10ms
scan fk fk fk+1 fk+1 fk+2

STANDBY
A sleep RAND1 sleep RAND2
A A A A
FHS FHS
Listen 11.25 ms (18 slots)
• 32 channels are allocated as inquiry procedure

– They are divided as two trains : A Train and B Train (16 channels for each)
• Multiple slaves are expected to respond
– Correlater hit causes slave to
» respond with FHS packet
» Wait a random number of slots
» Wait for another Inquiry page and repeat
• Master should end up with a list of slave FHS packets in area
Inquire Summary
• Inquiring radio Issues inquiry packet with Inquire

ID (GIAC or DIAC access code)
• Any radio doing an Inquire scan will respond with
an FHS packet
– FHS packet gives Inquiring radio information to page
» Device ID IDa
» Clock
– If there is a collision then radios wait a random number
of slots before responding to the page inquire
• After process is done, Inquiring radio has Device
IDs and Clocks of all radios in range
• Slave listens one of 16 channels for sufficient
time (e.g., 18 slots=11.25ms)

Master Paging a Slave
IDa
IDc
A
IDc C
• Paging assumes master has slaves Device ID and

an idea of its Clock

IDa
IDc
A
Page
IDc
IDc C

– A pages C with C’s Device ID and CLKE

IDa
IDc
A
IDc
IDc C

– A pages C with C’s Device ID (DAC)
– C Replies to A with C’s Device ID

IDa
IDc
A
IDa
IDc C

– A pages C with C’s Device ID
– A sends C its Device ID and Clock (FHS packet)

IDa
IDc
A
IDa
IDc C

– A pages C with C’s Device ID
– A sends C its Device ID and Clock (FHS packet)
– A connects as a master to C
Master Paging a slave
fk fk+1 fk fk+1 fk+2 fk+2 fm
Master FH
IDa S
IDa
IDc IDc IDc IDc
fk+1
Slave
IDc
625 s
• Master pages slave (packet has slave ID) at slave page frequency (1 of 32)
– Master sends page train of 16 most likely frequencies in slave hop set
» Slave ID sent twice a transmit slot on slave page frequency
» Master listens twice at receive slot for a response
– If misses, master sends second train on remaining 16 frequencies
• Slave listens for 11.25 ms (page scan)
– If correlater triggers, slave wakes-up and relays packet at response frequency
– Master responds with FHS packet (provides master’s Device ID and Clock)
– Slave joins piconet

Paging Procedure
1.25ms
FHS
Pager
train A A A A B B
10 ms
CONNECTION
Paged scan fk fk+1

B Sleep (1.25 s) B
11.25 ms
• Each slave page scans on unique sequence of 32

channels fk
– Master pages 16 most likely channels for entire sleep
period (nominally 1.25 seconds)
• If clocks are off, then second train sent on last 16
frequencies for entire sleep period
Physical Link Definition
• SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-
ORIENTED (SCO) LINK
• circuit switching
• symmetric, synchronous services
• slot reservation at fixed intervals
• For voice transmission
• Point-to-point connection
• No packet retransmission
• ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-
LESS (ACL) LINK
• packet switching
• (a)symmetric, asynchronous services
• polling access scheme
• For data transmission (ex:program)
• Point-to-multipoint connection
• Packet retransmission
Physical Link
HV3 : 6 slots gap

Packet Types/Data Rates
Packet Types
SEGMENT TYPE SCO ACL Data Rates (Kbps)
link link TYPE symmetric asymmetric
0000 NULL NULL DM1 108.8 108.8 108.8
0001 POLL POLL
1
0010 FHS FHS DH1 172.8 172.8 172.8
0011 DM1 DM1
0100 DH1 DM3 258.1 387.2 54.4
0101 HV1
0110 HV2 DH3 390.4 585.6 86.4
2
0111 HV3
1000 DV DM5 286.7 477.8 36.3
1001 AUX1
1010 DM3 DH5 432.6 721.0 57.6
1011 DH3
3
1100
1101
1110 DM5
4
1111 DH5

Bluetooth Protocols
WAE vCard/vCal Audio

Still Image Printing
WAP OBEX
HID TCP/UDP RFCOMM
Service Discovery IP TCS
L2CAP
Host Controller Interface

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6-1.

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 1

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 2

• This is one of two Runic stones

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 3

• 1998.2 - Established the Special interest group (form SIG 1)

• 1998.5 - Bluetooth Consortium is established formally.

• 1999.7 - Bluetooth v1.0beta

• 1999.12 - Lucent、3Com、Motorola、Microsoft (form SIG 2)

• 2001.2 - Bluetooth v1.1

• 2002 – IEEE 802.15 WPAN

 IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher Rate

 IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate

半導體 電信 電腦與周邊 消費性電子 網路 汽車和其他

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 7

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 8

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 9

• Intercom (Walki Talki)

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 10

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 11

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 12

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 13

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 14

• Low power consumption

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 15

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 16

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 17

Certification Application Framework

Basic Layer Certification

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 18

Audio L2CAP Host

HCI (Host control Interface)

Bluetooth HCI driver

Bluetooth HCI Transport driver

– All HCI transactions are

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 21

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 22

• integrated single chip (BB+RF) solution will

• Chip design house co-work with software

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 23

2000 2001 2003 Year

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 24

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 25

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 26

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 27

• 2.4 GHz ISM Unlicensed band

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 28

Guard band Guard band

Licensed 2.402-2.480 GHz Licensed

2.4 2.402 2.48 2.483

ISM unlicensed band

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 29

Country Frequency Range RF Channels

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 30

Power Min Power

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 31

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 32

Transmitter Hopping Frequency

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 33

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 34

• When no interference is detected, hop

NDSL Lab. CSIE, CGU - 35

– 1 Bluetooth piconet + 1 WLAN unit

半導體電信電腦與周邊消費性電子網路汽車和其他