Lead Black Slide

Chapter 3

Information System Fundamentals

© 2001 Business & Information Systems 2/e 2

 Our Agenda
 Hardware for Information Systems
 Software for Information Systems
 Stored Data for Information Systems
 Personnel for Information Systems
 Procedures for Information Systems
 Ethical Issues for Information Systems

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 Learning Objectives
 Explain why businesses need computer
and communications hardware in
information systems.
 Distinguish between the three main
types of computer systems.
 Explain the difference between
application software and system
software, and give an example of each.

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 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
 Explain why businesses need software
in information systems.
 Describe the way stored business data
is commonly organized in information
systems.
 Explain why businesses need stored
data in information systems.

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 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
 Identify the types of personnel in
information systems and explain why
businesses need personnel in
information systems.
 Identify the types of procedures used in
information systems and explain why
businesses need procedures in
information systems.
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 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
 Describe different approaches to ethical
decision making.
 Explain several ethical issues for
information systems.

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 Hardware for Information
Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Computer and
Communications Hardware
 Computer hardware
 Input devices
 Output devices
 Primary storage
 Secondary storage
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Communications hardware
 Network devices

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 The Need for Computer
Hardware
 Important elements of computer
hardware
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Capacity

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 The Need for Communications
Hardware
 Important elements of communications
hardware
 Remote access
 Information sharing
 Resource sharing (printers, file servers)
 Interorganizational communication

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 Types of Computer Systems
 Personal Computers
 Desktop
 Laptop
 Handheld
 Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
 Workstations

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 Types of Computer Systems
(cont’d.)
 Multiple-user computer systems
 Minicomputer
 Typically between $5,000 and $200,000
 Mainframe computer
 Typically between $100,000 and $10,000,000
 Both are multi-user environments

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 Types of Computer Systems
(cont’d.)
 Networked computer systems
 Many computers connected to a network
which is used by many people at one time.
 Servers – provide services to other
computers on the network.
 Clients – a user’s workstation connected to
the network.
 Client-server computing – servers and
clients used cooperatively.

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 Software for Information
Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Types of Software
 Application software – designed for
specific computer applications for a
business or organization.
 System software – designed to make
computers usable. Also known as an
operating system.
 Communications software – designed to
permit computers to “talk” to each other.

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 Sources of Software
 Two main sources of software
 Packaged software – available
commercially for personal, multiple-user
and networked systems.
 Custom software – created to address very
specific requirements of the users.

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 Stored Data for Information
Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Data Organization
 Elements of data storage
 Characters – letters, numerals, special
symbols, a blank space.
 Fields – a group of related characters.
 Records – a group of fields about a single
entity.
 Data file, or file – a group of records about
a single purpose.
 Database – a group of related files.
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 Data Organization (cont’d.)
 While data can be organized in a
database, there are other types of data.
 Multimedia
 Audio
 Video
 Images

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 Need for Stored Data
 Three main reasons businesses need
stored data
 Data is available
 Data is modifiable
 Data is controllable

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 Personnel for Information
Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Users and Operating
Personnel
 Users
 Supply data input
 Receive output
 Operating personnel
 Perform technical functions such as
 Manage networks
 Run software
 Pass output to users

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 Procedures for Information
Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Types of Procedures
 Two main types
 First tells people how to use and operate
the system under normal circumstances.
 Second tells people what to do if the
system does not function normally.
 Documentation is written instructions
on the use and operation of the system.

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 Ethical Issues for
Information Systems

Information System Fundamentals

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 Ethical Decision Making
 The Golden Rule
 Utilitarianism
 Categorical Imperative
 Ethical Egoism
 Code of Ethics

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 Ethical Issues
 Privacy
 Accuracy
 Property
 Access

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 Ten Commandments
1. Do not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Do not interfere with other people’s computer
work.
3. Do not look in other people’s computer files.
4. Do not use a computer to steal.
5. Do not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. Do not copy or use proprietary software for
which you have not paid.

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 Ten Commandments (cont’d.)
7. Do not use other people’s computer
resources.without authorization or proper
compensation.
8. Do not appropriate other people’s intellectual
property.
9. Think about the social consequences of the
program you are writing or the system you are
designing.
10. Always use a computer in ways that ensure
consideration and respect for your fellow man.
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 Information Systems
Fundamentals

Key Terms

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 Key Terms
 Application Software  Communication
 Bug Software
 Character  Custom Software
 Client  Database
 Client-Server Computing  Data File
 Code of Ethics  Desktop Computer
Communication  Documentation
Hardware  Field
 File

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 Key Terms (cont’d.)
 Handheld (Palmtop)  Operating System
Computer  Packaged Software
 Mainframe Computer  Personal Computer (PC)
 Matching  Personal Digital
 Microcomputer Assistant (PDA)
 Minicomputer  Platform
 Multimedia  Record
 Notebook (Laptop)  Server
Computer  Supercomputer

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 Key Terms (cont’d.)
 System Software
 Workstation

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 Summary
 Hardware for Information Systems
 Software for Information Systems
 Stored Data for Information Systems
 Personnel for Information Systems
 Procedures for Information Systems
 Ethical Issues for Information Systems

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Final Black Slide