Synchronous -

Asynchronous
Data Transmission
 Asynchronous

►The sender and receiver are not

Synchronised.
►The sender sends only one character at
a time.
 Asynchronous

►Each character needs a start bit and a

stop bit.
►There can be idle time between each
character.
 Asynchronous

► It is a slow and inefficient method of data

transmission.
► It is an inexpensive method for low speed
transmission.
Synchronous
 Synchronous
► The senders and the receivers clocks are
synchronised.
► The sender sends a packet of data at a
time.
► Synchronisation is achieved by sending a
‘start’ frame and a ‘stop’ frame.
 Synchronous
► Itis a more efficient method of transmission
as only a start and stop frame are required
with up to 8Kb of data in the packet of data.
► Asynchronous has a much higher overhead.

Stop Data up to 8 Kb Start

Frame Frame
 Parity Check
► Used in Asynchronous transmission.
► Detects any errors in each character being
sent.
 Parity Check
►A bit in each byte is set aside as the parity
bit.
► In even parity, the bit is set to 1 or 0 to
ensure an even number of 1’s.
► In odd parity, the bit is set to 1 or 0 to
ensure and odd number of 1’s.
► The receiving system checks the system
being used and the number of 1’s
 Checksum
► Used in Asynchronous Transmission.
► Checks errors in each packet of Data being
sent.
 Checksum
► The checksum is generate by treating all the
bytes in the transmission as a number.
► It adds up all the bytes in the block.
► The checksum is attached to the block and
transmitted along with the data.
► The receiver does the same calculation and
if the checksums are the same the data was
transmitted correctly, if not it’s re-sent.
 Cyclic Redundancy Check
► The difference here is that the block of data is
treated as one (very large) binary number.
► This is then divided by an Integer agreed between
the sender and receiver.
► The Remainder only from the calculation is sent
along with the data.
► The receiver can perform the same calculation and
request re-transmission if there is a discrepancy.