WeAre…

Group No: 02
Name Id No
Abir Helal Ucchash 1505016
Kawsar Hamid 1505018
Mahdi Muhammed 1505019
Ishita Dev 1505020
Kazi Shihab Shahriar 1505021
Nurul Bari Tapan 1505022
Afroja Kabir Lucky 1505023
Md Amirul Islam 1505024
 Learning objectives
• What is acid rain?
• How is it formed?
• What effects does it have on people
and the environment?
• How to reduce it?
 Acid Deposition
Acid deposition involves the
deposition of both wet and dry
acidic components
 Wet Deposition
• This type of deposition includes rain, fog, and
snow.
• Plants, as well as animals, are affected as the
wet deposition falls to the ground.
 Dry Deposition
• In dry areas, “the acid chemicals may become
incorporated into dust or smoke and fall to the ground
through dry deposition, sticking to the ground, buildings,
homes, cars, and trees” (epa).
 What is Acid Rain?

• It is rain whose Ph has decreased and therefore

been turned acidic after having mixed with
sulphur or nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere.
 The Formation of Acid Rain
The rest reacts with sunlight and
ozone in the atmosphere; nitric
(HNO3), and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
are produced
Some falls back to
Burn fossil fuels in Earth close to the
Transport, Industry, source as dry It is dissolved in the
Homes, power stations particles, gas and moisture in the
NO2 SO aerosols atmosphere making
2
(NOx and SO2) _

(dry deposition) 2H and SO

+
4
2

and can be carried

large distances before
falling as rain or snow
(wet
deposition)
H+ NO
_
SO 2
_
3 4

Gas, Oil, Coal

TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION
 How is nitrogen and
sulphuric dioxide
• f(o
Burning Fossil Fuels coar
l om
il or ed?
When sulphur is burned
gas)
it reacts with oxygen in
the atmosphere and it
produces Sulphur
dioxide.

Sulphur dioxide dissolves

in rain, making it more
acidic.
It lowers its pH to 5.8
 Impacts of Acid Rain
Acid rain can impact;
• Surface water (rivers, lakes etc.) and
aquatic animals
• Soils
• Forests and vegetation
• Human health
• Building and the urban environment
 The Result
Buildings
When soil is and
contaminated, precious
cereal (arable) stone
production objects are
drops weathered
away as the
stone
reacts with
Acids activate the acid
aluminium This stand
from the soil of trees
which leaches near Most,
into water Czech
and fish die. Republic,
Drinking has
water is completely
contaminated died.
 Effect on Soil
• Acid Rain also affects the soil
by the soil neutralizing the
acids.
• Soils that contain Limestone
and Calcium Carbonate can
neutralize the acids.
• Leaching- a process in which
acid deposition adds hydrogen
ions which displaces important
nutrients like Calcium,
Magnesium, and Potassium.
• Leaching pushes the ions
deeper in the soil so the plants
roots can’t reach them.
 Effect on Fish
• During the winter dangerously
acidic pollutants have built up in
the snow and when the snow
melts in spring all the acid drains
into the water system killing many
fish.
• Even those who survive suffer
from Acid Stress
• Other affect on the fish are
reduced egg composition,
decreased growth, inability to
regulate there own body
chemistry, and deformities
in young fish and increased
susceptibility to naturally occurring
diseases.
• These mass fish disappearances
affects the birds and eventually
our whole ecosystem.
 Destruction of Forests and Natural
Resources
• The extinction of the plants and
animals leads to diminished gene
pool. The lack of biodiversity and a
reduced planetary gene pool could
have many unforeseen
consequences, some of which
could be fatal to the future of
humanity.
• Acid Rain can contaminate
drinking water supplies. If
someone were to drink water from
this supply then they could sustain
many health related problems.
 Decay of Infrastructure
• Residential and commercial
buildings, monuments, and
many other physical assets are
damaged by acid rain.
Repairing this damage costs
money that could be invested
more productively elsewhere.
• Acid rain accelerates the
corrosion of materials such as
limestone, sandstone, mortar
and many metals, causing
serious problems for older
buildings, outdoor sculptures
and monuments.
 Impact on Society
• Our historical
monuments and
statues are being
decayed by acid rain
which could deprive
future generations
from seeing such
beautiful sculptures
and buildings.
 Health Problems
• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases
turn in to particles that can
be inhaled deep into
people's lungs.
• In high levels of the fine
particles there is an increase
in illnesses, a key
component of urban smog,
cause inflammation and
damage to tissues, and
premature death from
respiratory diseases such
as:
• Asthma and Bronchitis.
 Health Problems
• These particles are
particularly dangerous
to the elderly and to
people with heart and
respiratory diseases.
• Nitrogen oxides cause
ground-level ozone that
causes respiratory
problems like:
• Pneumonia and
Bronchitis
CAUSES & EFECTS OF ACID
RAIN
Solutions to Acid
Rain
•Decide which fossil fuels burn more
clearly.

•Research new less-pollutant methods

•Fit scrubbers into factory’s chimneys,

which are chemical filters that remove
impurities such as sulphur from smoke.

•The government can take action.

•Cars can be fitted with special converters

which remove dangerous chemicals
Why do some factory owners
refuse to tr y new
environmentally safe
methods?

2. It is an additional pay they have to make

2. Their profits may go down.

3. They are not aware of the dangers of acid rain.

What Can Individuals do to
Reduce Acid Rain?
•Walk instead of
drive.

•Avoid burning
fires.

•Avoid using air conditioner or leaving the computer

on.

•Recycle and reuse as much as

possible.
Thank you………