COMPUTER PRESENTED BY

ANKIT KUMAR MISHRA

NETWORKING AMAN YADAV

& ANTRIKSHA VERMA

INTERNET
ASHOK KUMAR VERMA
VIVEK KUMAR SHARMA
N (I.B.M) MBA ( F C ) 1ST SEMESTER

INTRANET
C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY, KANPUR
 CONTENT
INTERNET N INTRANET
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OVERVIEW OF INTERNET
III. ARCHITECTURE & FUNCTIONING OF INTERNET
IV. WEB PAGE, HTML
V. BASIC SERVICES OVER INTERNET
INTERNET & INTRANET
 INTERNET OVERVIEW
Internet is a ‘network of network’. It is a network of network,
an information superhighway and electronic web that connect
people and business that have accessibility to network. It is a
huge repository (collection) of information on every possible &
imaginable topic. It is fully scalable and doesn’t determined
user profile.
Network are an interconnection of two or more autonomous
computers such that they can share resources and information
and when this happens on large scale or we can say globally is
known as internet.
Functioning
 ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTERNET
A large variety of computer exist today- large mainframes and small pc’s, slow
and fast, general purpose and special purpose, window system and Unix system-
the internet connect them all.
A computers is connected to the internet at the two levels- hardware &
software. The hardware includes network interface, modems, and cables to hook
the computers physically on the internet. The software (also called protocols) is
required to make the communication between the computers understandable and
meaningful.
A computer or a computer network is attached with a modem (short
for modulator- demodulator) that convert the digital data coming from computer
into analog voice form. This converted voice from is transmitted to the local
internet service provider through links where a modem converts it back into
digital form. Through a series of IP’s this data can move across the internet to the
desired location.
 FUNCTIONING OF INTERNET
The single most important fact to understand about the internet is the
that it can potentially link the computer to any other computer. Anyone
with access to the internet can exchange text, data files, and programs with
any other users. For all practical purpose, almost everything that happens
across the internet is a variation of one of these activities. The internet
itself in the pipelines that carries data between computers.
Most computers are not connected directly to the
internet. Rather, they are connected to similar network that connects to
the internet backbone through gateways. This is the fact why the internet
is sometimes described as “a network of network”.
WWW(WORLD WIDE WEB)

THE WWW STANDS FOR WORLD WIDE WEB – BUT HAVE YOU
EVER THOUGHT, WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB? THE WORLD
WIDE WEB IS NOT THE INTERNET. I REPEAT THE WORLD WIDE
WEB IS NOT THE INTERNET. THE INTERNET IS A GLOBAL
NETWORK OF COMPUTERS WHEREAS THE WORLD WIDE WEB
IS AN APPLICATION THAT RUNS ON THE INTERNET. IT WAS
CREATED IN 1989 BY SIR TIM BERNERS-LEE, THE INTERNET
ALREADY EXISTED THEN.
FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL):
THE FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) IS THE STANDARD NETWORK PROTOCOL
USED FOR THE TRANSFER OF COMPUTER FILES BETWEEN A CLIENT AND SERVER
ON A COMPUTER NETWORK. FTP IS BUILT ON A CLIENT-SERVER MODEL
ARCHITECTURE AND USES SEPARATE CONTROL AND DATA CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN THE CLIENT AND THE SERVER.

GOPHER:
GOPHER IS AN APPLICATION-LAYER PROTOCOL THAT PROVIDES THE ABILITY TO
EXTRACT AND VIEW WEB DOCUMENTS STORED ON REMOTE WEB SERVERS.
GOPHER WAS CONCEIVED IN 1991 AS ONE OF THE INTERNET’S FIRST DATA/FILE
ACCESS PROTOCOLS TO RUN ON TOP OF A TCP/IP NETWORK. IT WAS DEVELOPED
AT UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AND IS NAMED AFTER THE SCHOOL'S MASCOT.
 IP ADDRESS:
An IP (internet protocol) is a number that identifies a device (E.g., The network interface card inside a
computer) uniquely on the internet.
An IP address is usually written as four decimal number separated by the dots (periods). Each decimal number
can range between 0 and 255 (inclusive) .
so the lowest possible IP address is 0.0.0.0. And the highest is 255.255.255.255.

For example:- 192.9.200.161.

CLASS OF IP ADDRESS:
Divided into five group as showing in following figure:
 DOMAIN NAME:
A domain name is your website name. A domain name is the address where internet users
can access your website. A domain name is used for finding and identifying computers on
the internet. Computers use IP addresses, which are a series of number. However, it is
difficult for humans to remember strings of numbers. Because of this, domain names were
developed and used to identify entities on the internet rather than using IP addresses.
A domain name can be any combination of letters and numbers, and it
can be used in combination of the various domain name extensions, such as .Com, .NET and
more.
 WEB BROWSER:
A web browser is a software application that people use in order to
view web pages on the internet. It can be used to upload or download
files on FTP servers.

Example: Mozilla Firefox,

Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome and
Safari etc.
 SEARCH ENGINE
A SEARCH ENGINE IS A WEB-BASED TOOL THAT ENABLES USERS TO LOCATE
INFORMATION ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB. POPULAR EXAMPLES OF SEARCH
ENGINES ARE GOOGLE, YAHOO!, AND MSN SEARCH. SEARCH ENGINES UTILIZE
AUTOMATED SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS (REFERRED TO AS ROBOTS, BOTS, OR
SPIDERS) THAT TRAVEL ALONG THE WEB, FOLLOWING LINKS FROM PAGE TO
PAGE, SITE TO SITE. THE INFORMATION GATHERED BY THE SPIDERS IS USED
TO CREATE A SEARCHABLE INDEX OF THE WEB.
 E-MAIL
Email is short form of 'electronic mail' similar to
a letter, it is sent via the internet to a recipient. An
email address is required to receive email, and
that address is unique to the user. Some people
use internet-based applications and some use
programs on their computer to access and store
emails.
 INTRANET
An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprises. It may
consist of many interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in
the wide area network. Typically, an intranet includes connections through one
or more gateway computers to the outside internet. The main purpose of an
intranet is to share company information and computing resources among
employees. An intranet can also be used to facilitate working in groups and for
teleconferences.
 WEB PAGE
A web page or web page is a document commonly written
in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that is accessible through the
Internet or other network using an Internet browser. A web page is
accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics,
and hyperlinks to other web pages and files.
 HTML -An
Introduction
of web page
programming
INTRODUCTION TO HTML
 WITH A HTML WE CAN CREATE OUR OWN WEBSITES
 HTML STANDS FOR- HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE.
 HTML DERIVED FROM A LANGUAGE SGML (STANDARD GRAPHICS
MARKUP LANGUAGE.
 HTML IS NOT A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, IT IS A MARKUP LANGUAGE.
 A MARK UP LANGUAGE IS A SET UP MARKUP TAGS.
 HTML USES MARKUP TAGS TO DESCRIBE WEB PAGES
 HTML DOCUMENTS CONTAINS HTML TAGS AND PLAIN TEXT
HTML ELEMENTS AND TAGS

• A tag is always enclosed in angle bracket

<>like <HTML>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like
<HTML> and </HTML> i.e.
Start tag = <HTML>
End tag =</HTML>
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
 HOW TO START

Write html code in notepad.

• Save the file with (.Html)/(.Htm) extension.
• View the page in any web browser viz. INTERNET
EXPLORER, NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR etc.
• The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or
Firefox) is to read html documents and display them as
web pages
 CODE WITH HTML
<HTML>
<HEAD>

<TITLE>
MY FIRST PAGE
</TITLE>

</HEAD>
<BODY>
GLOBAL INFORMANTION CHANNEL
</BODY>
</HTML>
 EXPLAIN THESE TAGS

• <HTML> - Describe HTML web page that is to be viewed by a web

browser.
• <HEAD> - This defines the header section of the page.
• <TITLE> - This shows a caption in the title bar of the page.
• <BODY> - This tag show contents of the web page will be displayed
TEXT FORMATTING TAGS

Heading Element:-
• There are six heading elements
(<H1>,<H2>,<H3>,<H4>, <H5>,<H6>).
• All the six heading elements are container tag and
requires a closing tag.
• <h1> will print the largest heading.
• <h6> will print the smallest heading.
 HEADING TAG CODE

<html>

<head>

<title> IBM Kanpur </title>

</head>

<body>

<h1> this is my h1 heading </h1>

<h2> this is my h2 heading </h2>

<h3> this is my h3 heading </h3>

<h4> this is my h4 heading </h4>

<h5> this is my h5 heading </h5>

<h6> this is my h6 heading </h6>

</body>

</html>
 BACKGROUND & TEXT COLOR TAG
<html>
<head>
<body bgcolor="red">
<h1 align="centre">Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Kanpur </h1>
<h2 align="centre">Institute Of Business Management </h2>
<h3 align="centre"> Kalyanpur,Kanpur</h3>
</head>
</body>
</html>
IMAGE CODING & ITS RESULT

<html>
<body>
<img src="vc_ku.jpg" width="270" hight="280">
<img src="http://examswatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/csjm-
kanpur.jpg" width="270" hight="280">
</body>
</html>
 HTML LIST TAG

Lists provide methods to show item or element

sequences in document content. There are three
main types of lists:-
-Unordered lists:-unordered lists are bulleted.
- Ordered lists:- Ordered lists are numbered.
- Definition lists:- Used to create a definition list
 LIST TAGS

<LI> is an empty tag, it is used for representing the list

items
<OL> Ordered list
<UL> Unordered list
<DL> Defines a definition list
<DT> Defines a term (an item) in a definition list
<DD>Defines a description of a term in a definition list
UNORDERED LIST

• TYPE attribute to the <UL> tag to show different bullets like:

–Disc
–Circle
–Square
<ul Type =“disc”>…..</ul>
• The attribute TYPE can also be used with <LI> element.
 UNORDERED LIST CODE AND ITS RESULT

• <html>
• <body>
• <h4>Disc bullets list:</h4>
• <ul type="disc"> <li>Arun</li>
• <li>Ankit</li> <li>Arvind</li>
• <li>Prashant</li></ul>
• <h4>Circle bullets list:</h4>
• <ul type="circle"> <li>Arun</li>
• <li>Ankit</li> <li>Arvind</li>
• <li>Prashant</li></ul>
• <h4>Square bullets list:</h4>
• <ul type="square"> <li>Arun</li>
• <li>Ankit</li> <li>Arind</li>
• <li>Prashant</li></ul> </body></html>
 ORDERED LIST

• The TYPE attribute has the following value like:

–TYPE = "1" (Arabic numbers)
–TYPE = "a" (Lowercase alphanumeric)
–TYPE = "A" (Uppercase alphanumeric)
–TYPE = "i" (Lowercase Roman numbers)
–TYPE = "I" (Uppercase Roman numbers)
 CODE & RESULT OF ORDERED LIST
<html>

<body>

<h4>Numbered list:</h4>

<ol> <li>Arun</li>

<li>Arvind</li>

<li>Ankit</li>

<li>Prashant</li>

</ol> <h4>Letters list:</h4>

<ol type="A"> <li>Arun</li>

<li>Arvind</li>

<li>Ankit</li>

<li>Prashant</li></ol>

<h4>Roman numbers list:</h4>

<ol type="I"> <li>Arun</li>

<li>Arvind</li>

<li>Ankit</li>

<li>Prashant</li></ol>

</body>

</html>
 FRAME CODING AND ITS RESULT
<html>
<head>
<frameset rows="25%,5%,75%">
<frame src="frame1.html">
<frame src="2ndrow.html">
<frameset cols="20%,80%">
<frame src="img.html">
<frame src="article.html">
</frameset>
</frameset>