Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
S A Karunaratne
29-01-2013
(I) Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes
(VII) Staircases
(IIX) Corbels & Nibs
5
6
3
4
A1 A0
A2
M A0-1 = 20 Minimum
M A2-4 = 10 Minimum
Title
Panel 75 - 200
Project Title
Drawing Title
Drawn by (Name)
Designed by (Name)
Recommended scales
GA 1 : 100 Wall & Slab details 1 : 50
Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50 Beam & Column sections 1 : 20
450
Date of revision
List of abbreviations
(i) Main bar size minus link size (40 -10) = 30mm
Grade of concrete
Cover to R/F
(iii) 1 ½ hour fire resistance – 20mm
o Mild –
Protected from weather or aggressive conditions
A B C D E
D 6000 6000 6000 6000
Road
1
6000
7000
Access
6000
B 2
6000
Plan - Detail
A Main Road
ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS
1 2 3
1 B
Key Plan
Omit I and O C
B23
B11
B21
B31
Grids commence at LUC and right B
B12 B22
A23
A11
A21
Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of
A31
A12 A22
A & 1, A & 2 etc A
LLC
Beam reference is panel LLC
column identification & a suffix
say A11, A12 etc
Structural General Arrangement Drawing
(BASED ON ORIGINAL DRAWING BY OTHERS)
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING
C25/
30 Concrete C40/50 C35/45 C32/40 C25/30 C20/25
Concrete Grades in High Rise Buildings
Building Structures are Designed
from top (roof) to bottom (foundations)
(b) Civil & major Building works use a TBM or transferred OS datum
(c) For minor works use a job datum wrt a suitable fixed point
50
Dimensioning recommendations
Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m
Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid
writing mm and dimension to whole mm)
TWO-WAY
SLAB
SLAB R/F ARRANGEMENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
E
Open courtyard
D
l x = 4000
(b) wmin - used = w1 = 250 (assume) lps
lps used = unsupported
lps edge distance
(c) lps - max = 0.25 l x = 1000
wa-i wras w1 = = ras = right angle to
(d) wtotal - max = 0.25 l y = 1500 span
wmin - used
(e) Small holes with sides (F ) <= 150 could be neglected structurally
(f) For holes side < = 500 Cut & replace equal area bars either side.
displace bars either side; space checked Extend bars 45F beyond hole
45F
TRIMMING OF HOLES 2
(g) If hole side (500 - 1000) treat as in (f) but trim with
similar bars at top. 45f min
If element depth is >= 250 furnish diagonal bars top
and bottom.
(i) In group of holes within 500 and 1000 treat as single hole
and trim as in (f) and (g).
®
Cutting element bars passing through hole and furnishing a
stirrup as a trimmer is totally wrong
Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed,
or pre-moulded joints to allow for
shrinkage of large concrete areas.
Control joints create a weakened
section that induce cracking to
occur along the joint, rather than
in a random fashion.
25 25
450
sb
750
450
150
ab <= 160
sb =<250; F = 16
F side bar = √
sb x b / fy sb =<150; F = 12 for EC2
DO NOT ALLOW
DISCONTINUITY
1000
1000
OF VERTICAL LEG
115 185
800 800
®
t>= 300; 4 corner bars t>= 300; 4 corner bars
t< 300; 2 corner bars t< 300; 2 corner bars
t WALL REINFORCEMENT t
(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face)
(ii) Max. Asc = 4%
(iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical
bar size
WALL VERTICAL R/F INSIDE & HORIZONTAL R/F OUTSIDE
DETAILS OF WALLS
R/F of wall showing horizontal bar placement in outer layer
WALL R/F ASSEMBLY
RETAINING WALL DETAILS SHOWS OUTER
HORIZONTAL R/F
500T16-02-250 NF
500T16-02-250 NF
500T12-03-250 FF
500T12-03-250 FF
12T10-05-200 FF
12T10-04-200 NF
12T10-05-200 FF
500T16-01-250 NF
500T16-01-250 NF
12T10-04-200 NF
Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre Compression bars. Area >= 1000mm2/metre
of width of corbel of width of corbel
When main tensile R/F <= 16mm F When main tensile R/F <= 20mm F
Corbel R/F (without welds) Corbel R/F (with welds)
CORBELS
Tension
anchorage
length
Tension anchor Closed links or
if "U" bars used "U" bars be used Horizontal "U"
bars. F <= 16
Tie to at least two
main longitudinal
reinforcement t >= 140
NIBS
PAD FOOTING 1
Pad Foundations with Schedule
DETAILS OF FOUNDATIONS 2 – PAD FOOTING & SCHEDULE
Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings
(1) Show the pile centers wrt grid lines
(2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries
(3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels
(4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement
(5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles
(6) Pile cap dimensions
(7) Indicate column or wall starters
(8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles
(9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200
(10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile length
(11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular
(12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrinkage cracks
VARIES 500
+0.20
75
1200 F PILE 1000 F PILE
PILE CAP OUTLINE DETAILS
1 2 3 4
2500 3800 7500 7500
F PILE GROUP SCHEDULE
PILE PILE
PILE
4572kN 8623kN 8910kN GROUP F PILE CUT OFF LEVE (m)
6000
NO
NO (mm)
823 1516
1516
P13 P16
P10 S P1 800 -1.250
E S P2 800 -1.250
823
D
P22 TOTAL NUMBER OF PILES
PILE F 1200 1000 900 800 600
6000
NO OF PILES 24 31 15 28 08
PG1 2/800 F
TOTAL 106 PILES
C
LAYOUT
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 2
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 3
Tie beams detailed at the top of pile cap
to reduce construction difficulties.
Refer “Pile Design & construction
practice” by M J Tomlinson Section 7.8
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 4
(DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 5)
Bar bending scheduling to BS 8666, BSI 2000
SHEET 1 – BAR SHAPES
7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 – B1
AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT
No of bars
Length of
members
Type & F
Bar mark
Total No
Member
Schedule
in each
Shape
A mm
B mm
No of
code
each
Beam T
01 2 4 8 5000 00 Straight
B1 20
T
02 2 8 16 1300 12 290
20
T
03 2 3 12 3250 12 130
12
T
04 2 20 80 2280 51 680 380
10
T
05 2 20 40 900 21 130 380
10
R
06 2 10 20 1955 47 685 385
6
T
2000 680 380 A
10
(1) Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural drawings
(2) Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the GA Drawings
(3) Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings
(4) Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening sizes ect.
(5) Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth between
beam soffit & ceilings
(6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs
with simple manual calculations
(7) Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to draughting
(8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature in drawings