Unit 19

By Josh Mahoney
  A pixel is a illumination along side thousands of over
little pixels to produce a display that can be used on
computer screens, TVs etc. Depending on the amount
of pixels you have on your display will determine how
good the quality will be because if there is less than 100
pixels the quality will be really bad. However if you have
thousands of pixels you will have a really good quality
display such as 4K which has almost 4 thousand pixels
which is one of the best displays out there.

 Picture Element – A picture element is pixel , with

multiple images at different sizes. The more pixels you
have the better the quality that’s why 4K TVs have 4000
pixels which gives it really good quality and say a
regular TV will on have nearly 1000 so the quality will be
less compared to a 4K TV.

Pixel  Image Resolution – “Image resolution” is the “fineness

of detail in a bitmap image and is measured in pixels per
inch”. The more pixels that you have per inch the higher
the resolution will be. When an image has a higher
resolution it will have better quality when it is printed
off. So the resolution is purely based on how many
pixels on the display so if there are lots of pixels it will
give you a better quality image as there or more pixels
which will make the resolution better.

 Pixel Intensity – The picture intensity will determine

how much grey intensity will be displayed the chart on
which it is displayed are 0 being the colour black and
255 being the colour white and mid grey being in the
middle. So the pixel will decide how intense the colour
grey will be so it will either be mid - grey or white or
black.
  A raster image or otherwise know as bitmap is a image
composed of small coloured dots known as pixels.
When you zoom into to a bitmap image the pixels are
stretched out across a greater number of pixels
resulting in a fuzzy and jagged edges which is also know
as pixilation. This also mean that the image loses
sharpness when it is stretched. A basic feature of
bitmap is that they don’t only have height and width
but they have depth because every pixel can have a
number of bits stored to identify its colour information
(the greater the number the higher the quality).

 GIF stand for "Graphics Interchange Format” it is a file

format that is commonly used for images and spirits in
software programs. This is very common and has been
put into apps on phone devices for people to send to
each other.

Raster Image  JPEG stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group”.

JPEG is a image file format that is very popular and is
normally used by digital cameras. JPEG can have 16
million colour variants and is produced by using 8 bit in
each colour in RGB.

 BMP is a “file format” is a raster graphic image “file

format” used to store bitmap digital images. That is
used on systems such as apple, windows and most
computers.

 TIFF which is known as “Tag Image File Format” is a

common format for exchanges raster graphics between
applications. When you save and graphic in that format
it will be saved as TIFF.

 PSD also know as Photoshop document Is a layered

image file that is used in adobe photoshop and this is
what file it will be saved as when you save something
that you have made in Photoshop.
  Vector graphics are “resolution dependant” which means
they can be stretched into a different shape without losing
any quality and the file wont be increased when you
change the shape of the vector image. Which is a big
difference when you compare then to a bitmap file as they
lose quality every time you zoom in. “This is because they
are based on mathematical co-ordinates or equations”.
Vector graphics are ideally made for designing logos as
they can be made bigger without losing any quality and
they are also made for things like maps, plans, cartoons
and things like typography. A good advantage of vector is
that they tend to take up less memory space than raster
images/graphics. Another good advantage is that they
have better quality when it comes to printing the graphic
that you made where as bitmap may have a little less
quality when it comes to the final piece. When creating a
vector graphic you would typically go onto programs such
Vector Image as adobe illustrator, coral draw Etc. The reason you
wouldn’t go onto photoshop is because the quality of the
program isn’t good enough to make a vector image. Even
though Photoshop is a good program for making graphics
if you wanted to make more detailed things that may need
increasing illustrator would be the program to go to.

 EPS is one of the most common file when it comes to

saving vector images in when you are working with
illustrator. A good part of this file and that is that it is
Widley supported as a export format.

 Ai is a modified version of the older EPS file it is also Widley

supported although programs that can read AI can tend to
read EPS so depending on the circumstances you could just
stick to EPS.
  Bit Depth is the number of “bits per pixel” on a computer
monitor/screen to represent a “specific colour”. The more bits
that you have in a pixel the more “colour variety” and the
quality you will have in the monitor. When it came to the first
graphic cards and monitors they were made only “supported”
1 bit of colour which was almost the equivalent of black and
white which only had 2 colours. However todays monitors
and graphics cards have 32 bits which is the equivalent 16.7
million colours.

 When you have bit depth you have true colour and high
colour and the difference between the two, high colour can
only store up to 65,536 possible colours in 16 bit however true
colour, deals with 256 shades of each red, green and blue
(RGB) meaning that there are 16,7 million colour variations.

 Monochrome also referred as “binary” image will only be able

Bit Depth to have only two colours that represent each pixel. The two
colours tend to be black and white and sometimes can be
light grey. As some hardware can only handle “binary” such
as a laser printer and a fax machine. The “binary” images are
normally small files so they are normally stored or saved as a
bitmap.

 True colour can support up to 24 bits for 3 RGB colours. True

colour usually means that 256 shades of RGB this allows it to
have “16’777’216” of colour variants In each individual pixel.
One “byte” is used for each “channel” and “systems” with
more than “8 bits” are normally reoffered as “true colour”.

 High Colour for most of the time be supported by 16 bit of

colour however some systems can only support 15 bits. 15 bit
“high colour” allows for “32’768” possible colour variants. If
the system supports 16 bit you will be able to provide 65’536 .
If your system can support 16 bit the green will be selected
more than red and blue as the users eye sight is more
“sensitive” to the “green shades” than “red and blue shades”.
  “Colour space” which is commonly known as
“colour mode” is an abstract mathematical model
which simply describes the range of colours as
tuples of numbers typically as 3 or 4 values or
colour components such as RGB and CMYK
 RGB is a type of space colour that consists of using
red, green and blue to elaborate a colour model.
RGB can basically be interoperated as all of the
possible colours which can be made from 3 colour
(RGB). Each pixel on a image is assigned a range of
0-255 intensity value of RGB components. By using
RGB you ca use a possible 16,777,216 colours by
using different mixing ratios.
 CMYK is a subtractive model which is used in colour
printing. CMYK refers to the four colours that you
Colour Space would tend to use when you print (cyan, magenta,
yellow, and key (Black) ). CMYK is also used in
graphic design like logos and things like that as that
is what the program illustrator is set to instead of
RGB and photoshop uses RGB instead of CMYK as
illustrator will use CMYK and will print in CMYK so
the design will come out more crisp where as RGB
on Photoshop will have to transfer to CMYK so it
may lose quality.
 Grayscale is another word for monochrome where
there white and black and light grey in-between
and this is used on images to give them a dark
effect and it can also point out where there is a
high amount of light as if there was the sun and
you grey scaled it would be light grey.
  With cameras now a days it would be hard to get one
with a resolution less than 10 “megapixels”. If you had 5
“megapixels” you would be able to make a shark 8 by 10
inch print. 8 megapixels could get you a 11 by 14 inch
print. When it comes to storage for cameras you get to
decide how much you would need by getting an SD
card with the right amount of storage that best suits
you. SD cards can range from 8GB-128GB so you have
the choice to find the right amount of storage. Filer size
would also be a big factor as to how much memory it
would take and that depends on the quality of the video
and how long the video is as they are the two big
factors that will take the most memory. All of your
assets such as your pictures and videos can be stored
into a SD but it would be best if you put them onto a

Image Capture
computer so you would also have space on your SD
card and you can manage what you want where and still
have full space on your SD card.

 When it comes to scanners and resolution most flatbed

scanners have around 300x300 dots per inch. This would
allow a scanner to scan a letter that is 8.5x11-inch.
When it comes to storage with a scanner they tend to
not have one as all they need to do is scan a document
and either make another on or send that one to you via
email Etc. So overall I would assume they have a little
storage but they wouldn’t tend to need a lt. File size on
a scanner comes down to what the document looks like
when you scan it on how big and how much you have
on that document. When a scanner scans will be able to
store them to a certain amount as they wont have a lot
of storage but I it will be able to store some of the
documents that you have scanned if you wanted it to.
  Optimising is basically increasing the efficiently or the general
performance of something. As an example when changing the
efficiently of a graphics it will normally involve “creating a balance”
so that the image is at a good quality and the file size it at a good
size when it come to saving or downloading a file that it wont take to
long and that they are both reasonable enough. However this is
normally done by optimising certain factors Which could range from
the quality of the image or what file you save it as.

 The “target destination" is where you want the graphic to be in your

“personal workspace” or your network.. When you are doing this you
would need to be sure that you are saving the graphic in the right
folder in your network. This will ensure that a website server can
track the graphic quick and easy therefore “optimising” the
performance of the website.

 “Bit Depth” is the number of “bits per pixel” on a computer

monitor/screen to represent a “specific colour”. I f you reduced the
bit depth it would reduce the image “file size” however if you did
that then the image quality would go down. So it would just be
picking which one you would want to have so if you had the low
quality image then it can be process quicker and if you had good

Optimising 
quality it would process slower so it is the case of personal
preference.

The Graphics “resolution” can optimize the “file size” of and image
and the image quality its self. However you would not be ale to have
both as an example if you optimized a image then the image quality
would be really high which wouldn’t be good for file size but could
be beneficial for who ever is going to see its quality. Where as file
size can be optimised but again you will be losing quality.

 Image dimension is related to the size of the image so the width and
height. By controlling the graphic/ image you would be able to make
the graphic/ image bigger or smaller depending where the user
wants the image. If you change the “dimensions” of the
graphic/image to make it bigger the “volume” will stay the same it
will just mean that the pixels have more space to cover.

 When it comes to image output it is Important to find the right one

not only to fit a webpage but is also at a good standard to be
accessed and processed quickly to the users computer. So when it
comes to this you would need to base your graphic around these
guide lines to help you make a good graphic.
  Pixel:
 “https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel”
 “http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/pixel”
 Raster Image:
 “https://techterms.com/definition/jpeg”
 “https://techterms.com/definition/gif”
 Bit Depth:

Source  “https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/colordep.htm”
 Colour Space:
 “http://www.arcsoft.com/topics/photostudio-darkroom/what-is-color-space.html”
 Image Capture:
 “http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cameras-photography/digital/digital-camera3.htm”
 “http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question689.htm”
 Optimising:
 “https://07268grum.wordpress.com/2013/11/13/optimising-target-destination-bit-depth-
resolution-dimensions-intended-image-output/”