Burial Depth, Soil Temperature and Soil Thermal Resistivity

• In particular, if the burial depth is deeper, then the cables may be safer from the outside
mechanical damages, but current carrying capacity of cables will be reduced according to the burial depth.
• In Cambodia, the burial depth of underground equipment such as the distribution cables and
communication cables have been specified at 1.2m. Based on the above facts, the JICA Study Team decided
that the burial depth should be a minimum of 1.2m from the surface of the ground.
• On the other hand, the soil temperature and soil thermal resistivity were specified as 30°C and 1.2 K.m/W
according to the same specified value of surrounding countries such as Thailand and Vietnam.
Study of Construction Method of
Underground Transmission Facilities
• The study of the construction method of underground transmission
lines shall be done considering the following factors.
• Conditions of the road, such as the width, nos. of lanes, intersection,
interruption, congestion, etc.
• Underground equipment, such as the manhole of a drainage system, water air
valve, etc.
• Surrounding conditions, such as land estates, buildings, etc.
Standard construction and depth of
burial
• Underground feeders must run in duct banks (size e.g. 6’’?)
igure 2.32 Example one-line diagram of distribution substation with two
transformers and two supply lines
• Figure 2.32 provi des an exam ple of the distributio n substation one-l
ine diag ram with tw o tra nsformers , two supply lines, and tw o sect
ions at both the high-vol tage (HV) side and low-volt age (LV ) side s,
with sectio nalizing brea kers at both HV and LV voltage s. Su ch an arr
angement provi des redun dancy and reliabili ty in case of any
component failure by transferr ing the power supply from one sectio
n to another. Addit ionally, any com ponent of the substat ion can be
taken out of serv ice for maintenan ce.
 standard network structures
• Open or closed loop, also called
"primary loop system"(see fig. 10)
• Recommended for very widespread
networks, with major future
extensions.
• Open loop operation is advisable.
• Double radial feeder, also called
"primary selective system" (manual
or automatic) (see fig. 11)
• Recommended for very widespread
networks with limited future
extensions and which require a high
level of continuous power supply.
• Radial feeder, also called "single power
supply“
• (see fig. 12 on the opposite page)
• Recommended when continuous power supply
requirements are limited. It is often used for
cement plant networks.
• Dual power supply (see fig. 13 on the
opposite page)
• Recommended when a high level of
continuous power supply is required or
when the operating and maintenance teams
are small.
• It is very often used in the steel and
petrochemical industries.
• Dual busbar (see fig. 14)
• Recommended when a very high
level of continuous power supply is
required or when there are very
strong load fluctuations. The loads
may be distributed between the
two busbars without any break in
the power supply.
• With energy generating sets (see
fig. 15)
• This is the simplest structure, and is
very often used.
• With replacement source
and load (see fig. 16)
• This is the typical case for
an industrial network in
which a very high level of
continuous power supply is
required using a single
power supply source, i.e.
the utility.
• concrete example of a structure
• The diagram in figure 17 was designed and
developed for a multi-metal mine in
Morocco.
• It includes different network structures that
were described earlier.
• The power supply to the various workshops
is provided by a loop, a duplicate feeder, or a
main source and replacement source.
• Underground Duct Bank
• Underground duct bank is owned by the University. All of the main
primary distribution circuiting is presently run in duct bank.