Analysis and Performance of Load Frequency

Control using PID Tuned Controller and Fuzzy

Logic Controller in Power Systems
BY
Anvesh 13881A0209
Arun 13881A0210
Christina hepsiba 13881A0217

Under Guidance of
K.Sravanthi(Assistant professor)
VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Abstract:

• The load frequency control plays an important role in an

interconnected power system.

• The objective is to control the frequency of an interconnected

power system.

• Since, as the load varies speed also varies which in turn changes
the frequency of generating unit.

• So an appropriate controller must be designed to keep the system

frequency within permissible limits.
• In this project, Simulink model of two area load frequency
control will be developed by using Matlab/Simulink software.

• In this project the Simulink model of load frequency control

(LFC) will be simulated using different controllers such as PI, PID
and fuzzy logic controllers for different loads.

• The dynamic response of two area load frequency controller for

different controllers will be compared.
Problem Identification:

• The developing countries are facing energy crisis

continuously in spite of the rapid increases in the power
sector.

• Still there exists a wide gap between the demand and the
supply which hampers the overall development.

• Today the power engineers including the planners,

economists and technologists are worried and thinking the
ways to meet these challenges keeping in view the numerous
constraints.
• The operation of power systems as an interconnected system
usually leads to improve system security and economy of
operation.

• In addition, the interconnection permits the utilities to transfer

loads to the most economical sources of power.
CONTROLLERS
Proportional term

The proportional term produces an output value that is proportional to the current
error value. The proportional response can be adjusted by multiplying the error by
a constant Kp, called the proportional gain constant.

Integral term

The contribution from the integral term is proportional to both the magnitude of
the error and the duration of the error. The integral in a PID controller is the sum
of the instantaneous error over time and gives the accumulated offset that should
have been corrected previously. The accumulated error is then multiplied by the
integral gain (Ki) and added to the controller output

Derivative term

The derivative of the process error is calculated by determining the

slope of the error over time and multiplying this rate of change by the
derivative gain Kd. The magnitude of the contribution of the derivative
term to the overall control action is termed the derivative gain, Kd.
proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller)

A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a

desired setpoint and a measured process variable and applies a correction based on
proportional, integral, and derivative terms (sometimes denoted P, I, and D respectively)
which give their name to the controller type.
Without PID controller:
Without PID controller output:
Using PI controller:
Using pi controller:
Using PID controller
Pid controller:
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER:

A fuzzy control system is a control system based on fuzzy logic a

mathematical system that analyzes analog input values in terms of logical
variables that take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in contrast to
classical or digital logic, which operates on discrete values of either 1 or 0 (true
or false, respectively).
Using fuzzy logic controller:
Fuzzy controller output:
References:

Hadi Saadat, (2004). “Power System Analysis”, 2nd edition,

McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.

Arthur Bergen and Vijay Vittal,

(2000).“Power System Analysis”, Prentice-Hall.

Vadhera, S. S. (2003). “Power System Analysis and Stability”,

Khanna Publishers.

Sunil S. Rao, (1999). “Switchgear Protection and Power System”,

11th edition, Khanna Publishers.
THANK YOU