Dasar­dasar 

Virologi
(Daur Kehidupan Virus)

Dini Agustina
Mikrobiologi FKUJ 2017
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General Virology
Viruses are...
 Autonomous infectious particles
 No cellular structure
 Consisting only of proteins and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
 Having genetic nucleic acid that requires a host to replicate.
 15 to 450 nanometers (nm) in diameter.
 Have a rigid protein coat called the “capsid.”
 One end is usually broader (head), and one end narrower (tail). The tail often
has antigenic proteins for attachment to the host
 No metabolic systems of their own (depend on the synthetic mechanism
of a living host cell). How?

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 by delivering their own

genetic information, i.e.,
nucleic acid, into the host cell.
The host cell accepts the
nucleic acid and proceeds to
produce the components of
new viruses

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 Morphology
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Komponen
virion
A. Simetri
Ikosahedral
B. Simetri
Helikal

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BASIC STRUCTURAL FORMS OF VIRUSES

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 Virus size 7
A schematic depicting how different viruses compare in size to
other microorganisms, such as a single bacterium (blue) and
human hepatocyte (tan).

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Classification
Artificial and based on the following morphological and
biochemical criteria:
— Genome: DNA or RNA genome
— Capsid symmetry: cubic, helical, or complex symmetry.
— Presence or absence of an envelope.
— Diameter of the virion, or of the nucleocapsid with helical
symmetry

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Replication
o Adsorption of the virus to specific receptors on the cell
surface.
o Penetration by the virus and intracellular release of nucleic
acid.
o Proliferation of the viral components: virus-coded
synthesis of capsid and noncapsid proteins, replication of
nucleic acid by viral and cellular enzymes.
o Assembly of replicated nucleic acid and new capsid protein.
o Release of virus progeny from the cell.

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Levinson W, Jawetz E: Medical Microbiology & Immunology Examination & Board Review, 6th ed.
McGraw-Hill, 2000. Modified there from Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA: Review of Medical
Microbiology, 16th ed. McGraw-Hill, 1984

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 Transmission. Viruses can be transmitted horizontally (within a
group of
14 individuals (Table 7.3) or vertically (from mother to offspring)
Portal of entry. The most important portals of entry for viruses are the
mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, microtraumata
(nearly always present) or mechanical inoculation (e.g., bloodsucking
arthropods)
The viruses either replicate at the portal of entry only (local infection) or
reach their target organ hematogenously, lympogenously or by neurogenic
spread (generalized infection).

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INFLUENZA

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MUMPS

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MORBILI

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HERPES SIMPLEKS, VARICELLA DAN HERPES
ZOSTER

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POLIOMIELITIS

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RABIES

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DHF

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HIV-AIDS

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