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Direction of flight
Positive dynamic stability
Direction of flight
Aircraft reference axes and moments
Up force on tailplane
• If some disturbance pushes the aircraft into a tail-up attitude, the tail plane
produces a downward force thus restoring the aircraft back to original level
position.
Down force on tailplane
L + dL
dM
Aircraft c.g,
CM.cg
(+)
dCM ,cg
CM.0 Slope=
d a
Trimmed
(αe) (αa)
(-)
Necessary conditions for longitudinal stability
CM.cg
• The opposite is true if the
characteristic has a positive
slope and the aircraft tends (+)
Trimmed
• If there is a directional
disturbance, a side force
develops because of the angle of
attack on the vertical stabilizer.
This force creates a moment
about the cg of the aircraft to
restore it to its initial direction. Force, F
Directional control