ROAD ACCIDENT STATISTICS

TOTAL WORLD WIDE DEATH TOLL OF TSUNAMI WAS

ABOUT 2,25,000

BUT THE ANNUAL DEATH TOLL OF ROAD ACCIDENTS IS

12,00,000

i.e More than 5 times Tsunami Toll

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
• RECKLESS DRIVING
• UNTRAINED DRIVERS
• UNFIT VEHICLES
• SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION OF MOTERISED AND NON-
MOTERISED VEHICLES WITHOUT SEPARATION AND
ADEQUATE RULES
• VULNERABLE ROAD SIDE ACTIVITIES
CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
• FAULTY ROAD DESIGN
• POOR TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• LACK OF ROAD SAFETY AWARENESS
• RISKY PEDESTRAIN BEHAVIOUR
• CULTURE OF IMPUNITY AND POOR LEGAL REDRESS
SAFETY PLAN
• Which encompasses all health and safety conditions in the
workplace and job site

Decreases the chances for project delays

Decreases the possibility of injuries

Increases the potential for success

Increases the confidence of team members

SAFETY PLANNING
As part of risk management, safety planning is used to:
■ Protect the workers
■ Anticipate possible dangerous situations and bypass hazards
■ Guide the evaluation of the safety conditions of the project environment
■ Determine the minimum requirements, equipment or tools needed to
perform specific activities
■ Meet or exceed the legal obligation for safety and health conditions in the
work environment.
By focusing on inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs, project managers
can develop and implement an efficient safety plan with team feedback as
the critical element.
SAFETY PLAN INPUTS
• organization's views
• project requirements
• job environment
• Governmental regulations
• Organizational Policies
• Historical information from other similar projects related to specific
security concerns
• Site Plan. This provides information about area classification,
equipment distribution and other relevant data about the worksite.
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
• Training.
The project team must be alerted to the safety
concerns related to the project and the working area
that focus on injury/illness prevention training.

Every time new members are appointed to the project,

they must be trained in the safety and security issues
related to their specific tasks.
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
• Observation, Inspection, Interview and Analysis.

Before executing specific tasks, the team must be

aware of certain circumstances or combinations of
events that may lead to dangerous situations. In some
cases, interviewing other people in the area could
present historic information related to the area or task.
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
• Fault Tree Analysis.

The fault tree analysis (Exhibit 1) is a logic diagram that

shows those combinations of events that have to take
place before an accident can occur. It can be used to
calculate the probability of system failure.
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
• Safety Committees

Periodically, the project team must discuss relevant

topics related to its safety and security in order to
update the safety plan. A committee dedicated to those
concerns ensures that the necessary communications
take place. In addition, a technical expert in safety can
enhance the safe execution of the project.
SAFETY PLAN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
• Legally Safe

We must enforce “due care” for people immediately

involved in the project and for outsiders who will come
in contact with the project during execution.
SAFETY PLAN - OUTPUTS

• A number of benefits stem from successful implementation of a

safety procedure.

Hazard control program tailored to specific project.

Overall project safety will be improved and accidents reduced.
Risk of unsafe working conditions is minimized, stress related to
the project is considerably lower for entire team
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Trip and fall hazards due to bad housekeeping, inadequate
access or poor lighting.

Always ensure to maintain continuous housekeeping in

the area, adequate access free of any obstacles to facilitate
the workforce movement throughout the yard and enough
lighting in case of night shift activities.
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Occupational health hazards due to improper handling of form
oil, wet concrete, paint, curing compound or any other
hazardous material.

Always ensure to store the material in the designated

areas as mentioned in the HSE Project Plan or Risk
Assessment.
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Falling hazards due to working on height without
proper platform.

Always ensure that there is a proper platform,

mobile scaffolding or movable stairs available when
working on height or above ground; it is a necessity,
especially when repair for the pre-cast elements
commence
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Fire hazards due to improper storage of
flammable material, smoking in undesignated
places. Always ensure that material is stored
properly and all personnel smoke in the
designated areas (i.e., smoking shelters).
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Electrocution hazards due to defective electrical equipment without
effective electrical shock prevention system in place, or laying
electrical cables haphazardly over the ground or on gantry crane rails
(if any).

Cables should be hung properly using wooden-made cable

hangers and all electrical equipment should be frequently inspected
and color coded.
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Vehicular hazards due to reversing trailers,
inadequate supporting structure on trailers and
obstructed traffic lanes. Identified and clear access
should be available at all times for vehicular
movement.
PRECAST CONCRETE YARDS
• Storage hazards include lack of storage planning, haphazard storage,
unstable pre-cast elements due to inadequate supports, insufficient
ground support strength and exceeding stack stability height. The
storage area should be reasonably level, hard surfaced and large
enough for pre-cast components to be stored properly with adequate
room for lifting equipment and for maneuvering trucks, cranes or
relevant vehicles.
• Lifting hazards: Lifting is considered as the most critical life-
threatening daily activity in the pre-cast yard as the pre-cast elements
need to be lifted several times during production using overhead
cranes, mobile cranes and tower cranes as follows
LIFTING PRECAT CONCRETE ITEMS
Extensive care should be taken with regards to the following:
• Permit to Work (PTW) should be valid on site and attached to it the
approved method statement (MS) in addition to all rigging studies for
the worst/different cases of lifting operations that will be carried on.
• Failure of lifting machines/defective lifting gears: On a daily basis, all
cranes/machines in addition to lifting gears should be done
inspection prior to starting any activity using an approved checklist.
• Avoid overloading of cranes or trailers. Always follow the Safe
Working Load (SWL).
LIFTING PRECAT CONCRETE ITEMS
• Area Evacuation: Always make sure the area around the
lifting/rotation radius is evacuated.
• Ensure the elements are being secured with safety tension belts on
trailers prior to transportation to site
GENERAL
• Prior to commencement of any activities in pre-cast yards, risk
assessment should be done covering all operations and hazards
mentioned above stating how to prevent each hazard from
happening--and it should be cascaded to all first-line supervisors, site
engineers and workforce via daily “tool box talks.”

Specifically in pre-cast yards and RE wall locations, where the area is

limited and congested, nobody should be reluctant and all personnel
should be proactive even though the workforce might be experienced--
you can never forecast when an incident is going to occur.
• General Trenching and Excavation Rules Keep heavy equipment away
from trench edges.
• Keep surcharge loads at least 2 feet (0.6 meters) from trench edges.
• Know where underground utilities are located.
• Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases.
• Inspect trenches at the start of each shift.
• Inspect trenches following a rainstorm.
CONTROLLING RISKS IN EXCAVATION WORK
Potential hazards Examples of control measures

Ground collapse The use of benching or the installation of ground support (e.g. shoring)

Water inrush Pumps or other dewatering systems to remove water and prevent build-up

Falls Ramps, steps or other appropriate access into the excavation

Hazardous manual tasks Rotating tasks between workers

Airborne contaminants Mechanical ventilation to remove airborne contaminants

Buried contaminants (e.g. asbestos) Training to identify buried contaminants and what action to take

Underground services Obtain information from the relevant authorities on the location of underground services.
 Excavated material and loads near
excavations

Mechanical plant, vehicles,

storage of materials (including
excavated material) or any other
heavy loads should not be located in
the ‘zone of influence’ of an
excavation. The ground support
system installed has been designed
by a competent person, to carry such
loads.
 Excavated material and loads near
excavations

Placing material on the

lower side of the excavation will
reduce the effective height of the
excavation (see Figure 3) and the
risk of material falling or being
washed into the excavation.