Research area – Sustainable Community Based Tourism

Planning & Development

Presentation By: Department of Architecture and Planning,

Harsimran Chadha MANIT, Bhopal
Thesis Guide:
Dr. Preeti Onkar 1 1
 SRPC 1- IMPACT STUDY
Literature review to understand concept and related facts and concerns of tourism
and sustainability

Research in Tourism Conclusion

 Tourism Significance: Facts and Figures
 Growth of Tourism worldwide
 Growth and scope of tourism in India
 Why research in Tourism?
 Definition of Tourism
 Contemporary concepts of Tourism
 Impacts of Tourism (positive and negative)
o Socio- cultural
o Environmental
o Economic
o Physical
o Quotes on Sustainable Tourism
 International Efforts and key milestones
 Concept of Sustainable Tourism
 Sustainable Tourism Considerations and
characteristics
Literature Review
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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS CAN BE
POWERFUL DECISION –SUPPORTING TOOLS
THAT FOSTER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT….
THERE IS AN URGENT NEED TO UNDERSTAND
”WHAT NEEDS TO BE MEASURED AND WHAT
ARE THE BENCHMARKS OF SUSTAINABILITY”
FOR TOURISM PLANNING. INDICATORS WILL
INCREASE THE USE OF INFORMATION FOR
POLICY, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
THIS WILL HELP US TO USE THE GROWTH OF
TOURISM IN A RIGHT MANNER, THAT IS,
TOURISM CAN BECOME AN INSTRUMENT FOR
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AN
AREA…
 SRPC-2
REVIEW OF PLANS, POLICIES, SCHEMES RELATED TO TOURISM

 Plans . Five year Plans Conclusion

. Role of Central Committees on
Tourism Plans and Policies are more
. 20yr Perspective Plans often emphasizing on the
subjects Like:-
 Policies . International •Privatization
. National •PPP Model
. State •Bringing sustainability
•Protecting and conserving
 Schemes . PRASAD
Natural and built forms.
. HRIDAY
.SWADESH •Constitution of varied
governance institution.
 Tourism Planning Organizations- International •Lack of policies and plans
Level for community
National Level involvement in tourism
State Level policies

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 SRPC-3
Measuring the Impact of Tourism Development on Local Community

Conclusion

1. Introduction
2. Study significance The Literature Review helped in
3. Key definitions - Community Identification of Research
4. Community Based Tourism Problem
5. Evolution of the concept of Community
based Tourism
6. Benefits of Community based Tourism
7. Impact of Tourism – Positive and
Negative
7.1 Economic
7.2 Physical
7.3 Socio- cultural
7.4 Political
8. Review of past research
9. Formulation of research Framework
10. Study area
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STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION- SRPC-4 ON 27/02/2018

 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY AREA

 DETAILED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
• Research Back ground
• Research Problem
• Research questions
• Research proposal
• Aim and objective
 OBJECTIVE-1
• Evolution of CBT
• Principles of CBT
• Benefits of CBT
• Impacts of CBT (positive and Negative)
• Theories and models related to Community based tourism
• Conclusion.

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Comparative Tourism Status In Indian States- Why Madhya Pradesh

Study Commissioned by Ministry of Tourism,1 Government of India 2009 Report 6

Comparative Tourism Status In Indian States- Why Madhya Pradesh

Study Commissioned by Ministry of Tourism,1 Government of India 2009 Report 7

Why Madhya Pradesh- Inferences from study

Trips per 100 household by state of origin – The inferences of this study
urban shows that the Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh State stood in 4rth position state is capable of generating trips
within the state for urban and rural
Trips per 100 household by state of origin –rural
Madhya Pradesh state stood in 6th position destination.
Secondly it lies in top ten states
Top ten states of destination for main type of for destination and offers all kind
trips-(Trips originating from within and outside of trip generation of varied type.
the state) Within and outside the state
Leisure trips – 10th But the major problem is
Business trips- 7th observed that it is only generating
Social trips- 6th
for social trips when considered
Religious trips-9th
from outside the state.
Top ten states of destination for main type of
trips-(Trips originating from outside the state
only)
As social trips are directly related
Leisure trips – 0
Business trips- 0
to community, hence this state
Social trips- 5th shows the affinity for community
Religious trips-0 based tourism development.
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 STUDY AREA

Major Tourist Circuits

 Bhopal -
Sanchi –  Gwalior -
 Bhojpur - Shivpuri -
Bhimbetka - Orchha -
Khajuraho
Panchmarhi

 Jabalpur -
Bhedaghat -
Mandla -
 Indore - Ujjain
Kanha -
- Maheshwar -
Bandhavgarh
Omkareshwar
- Mandu

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Research Framework Facts and concerns related to MP Tourism destination
As Madhya Pradesh is second highest populous state of India and it comprises of more
number of tribal communities compared to non tribal as per rural census of 2011. These
tribal communities are specialized in many art works and fabric.

Apart from this many rulers like Paramara , Mughal ruled over here and made Palaces and
administrative forts, few protected by ASI ,like Jahaj Mahal Mandu, Gwalior fort , Asirgadh
fort etc .

It is also full of natural scenic beauty and wild sanctuaries like Rata Pani and Kanhakisli and
Pachmari etc.

The M.P is a state which have three UNESCO identified Monuments such as Sanchi Stupa,
Bhim Bhetika and Bhojpur temple .

Religious tourism also exist due to the presence of Mahankaleshwar temple in Ujjain
(Mahakumbh every 12 years ), Omkareshwar, Maheshwar and Hoshangabad for Holy
Narmada River.

Many tribal and non tribal community involved in fabric making like Chanderi, Maheshwar
etc.
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Research Framework Research Problem and related research questions

Research Problem:
There is major tourism diversity in available destinations but lack of foot-fall from other
states create major concerns for tourism in M.P. Major tourism is related to rural
community like forest based tourism, fabric based tourism and art and other cultural
concerned tourism . But as per literature review done for plan and policies it had been
identified that less measures are taken for enrichment of community based tourism.

Research Questions:

Looking towards the diversity available in MP the question arises:

1. Does diverse kind of tourism sector require same kind of strategies and policies for
their development?
2. What is the extent of community participation in development of strategies, as they
are one of the important strings in tourism development?
3. What are the major factors impacting the community based tourism? Are they diverse
or same?

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Research Framework Research Proposal and related Aim-objectives

Developing inclusive strategies for sustainable development of community based tourism

for varied scenarios of Madhya Pradesh tourism.

Aim:
To identify varied scenario for community based tourism in MP and develop strategies for
its sustainable development.

Objectives:
1. To develop conceptual understanding of the Community based tourism through
reviewing the past theories and Models.
2. To delineate the varied scenario of community based tourism and to identify the
factors impacting for their negligence as well as for Development in study area.
3. To Correlate existing factors (policies) with determined factors (Primary survey) for
identification of gaps in existing framework and also to establish the link for inclusive
strategy development.
4. To develop inclusive strategies for sustainable development of community based
tourism for varied scenarios at Madhya Pradesh.

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1 Evolution of CBT

The early 19th century, it was the post WWII period that tourism policies were directed as a
means of bringing in socio-cultural benefits rather than just focusing on the earnings began
to be formulated.

As the concept of sustainability grew around the 1980s the late 20th century , alongside the
economic reforms that were taking place in developing economies, the need to have small,
self sustained and cross-linked business models came out as the most feasible approach to
preserve the integrity of rural systems, agrarian or otherwise, a sustainable self- sustenance
structure in themselves.

It also promised an alternate source of income to supplement the lean agricultural periods,
and emancipated out of small tribes looking for a source of income, while at the same time
trying to preserve their cultural identity and curb urban migration.

The importance of community and community tourism has appeared in the literature since
predominantly the 1970s.

The phenomenon known as community-based tourism (CBT) gained momentum throughout

the 1990s influenced by the principles of sustainable tourism and opportunities for local
communities to utilize tourism as a means of community development, CBT has become an
attractive form of alternative tourism (Matutano,
1 2012).
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OBJECTIVE-1 Principles of CBT

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OBJECTIVE-1 Benefits of CBT

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OBJECTIVE-1 Benefits of CBT

The community based tourism benefits are not restricted only to community
but it also extends itself to the nation benefits.

The literature review reveals that this benefits varies for developed and
developing countries.

In developed country it has been viewed as economy model where as in

developing country ,viewed as socio-economic model.

Many governments have begun to realize that tourism remains a viable

source of income only if ecological, cultural and economic goals are held in
balance (Hilleryet al., 2001; Gezici, 2006).

As a consequence, community-based niche tourism strategies have been

proposed that meet two important goals: they minimize the harmful effects
of mass tourism in areas where it is not suitable and they generate benefits
for local populations.
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OBJECTIVE-1 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT

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 OBJECTIVE-1 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT

Brohman (1996) has advocated community participation in the tourism

development process as a tool to solve major problems of tourism in
developing nations. He has contended that community participation in the TDP
will achieve more equal distribution of the benefits, discourage undemocratic
decision-making and will meet the needs of local community in better
way.(Tosun, 2000)
The success of any community-based process Southgate and Sharpley (2002, p.
255) have noted, there is mounting evidence ‘that sustainability is most likely
to be achieved where local as well as national interests are respected by
tourism developers, where communities engage in decision making, and where
market institutions engage with local and national governance structures’.
(Shunnaq, 2008).
With every tourism season and cycle of growth or decline, the roles, influence,
and relationships of tourism stakeholders change (Reisinger, 1994; Smith,
1977). Tosun (1999a) has attempted to develop a typology of community
participation in tourism.
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 OBJECTIVE-1 Stages of community participation

Tosun (1999a) has attempted to develop a typology of community participation in

tourism. He classifies types of community participation under three main headings
that have some subheadings. These are: spontaneous community participation,
coercive community participation and induced community participation

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1

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 Models and Theories
OBJECTIVE-1

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 Unique selling Tourism offers Model
OBJECTIVE-1

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 Unique selling Tourism offers Model
OBJECTIVE-1

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 Unique selling Tourism offers Model
OBJECTIVE-1

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OBJECTIVE-1 Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD)

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 OBJECTIVE-1

Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD)

ABCD Principles:
Asset-based (built on positives, strengths, opportunities),
Relationship driven (centered on people in the neighborhood working
together), and
Place based (locally focused).

ABCD Practices:
Asset mapping (finding all the good things), and
Asset mobilizing (connecting the good things for positive purposes).

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OBJECTIVE-1

ABCD—Perspective Matters

Empty glass: communities are full of people with

needs and deficiencies

Full glass: communities are full of people with ideas,

skills, and capacities

Where you look DRIVES What you see

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 Assets based Community Development
OBJECTIVE-1

SIX TYPES OF COMMUNITY ASSETS

Actors:
 Skills and talents of LOCAL PEOPLE.
 ASSOCIATIONS–the network of relationships they represent.
 INSTITUTIONS, agencies, and professional entities.

Context:
 PHYSICAL ASSETS and infrastructure–land, buildings.
 ECONOMIC ASSETS–local economy, productive capacity.
 CULTURAL ASSETS–ways of knowing, ways of being.

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 Conceptual understanding
OBJECTIVE-1

•There is a need of hybrid approach for inclusion

of community participation at all levels.

•So it has been inferred that Unique selling

Tourism offer model and Asset based community
development help in bringing the sustainability
in tourism policies.

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