TECHNICAL SAFETY TRAINING

MACHINE SAFETY
 Machine
• Any tool used to make work easier

Simple machines
 What hazards exist?
• Crushed by or drawn into equipment
• Struck by moving parts
• Struck by failed components or particles
 Key parts of machines
1. Point of operation: where work is performed on
the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or
forming of stock.
2. Power Transmission Device: transmits energy to
the part of the machine performing the work
– Includes flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods,
couplings, cams, spindles, chains, cranks, and gears.
 Key parts of machines
3. Other moving parts: can include
reciprocating, rotating, and transverse
moving parts, feed mechanisms, and
auxiliary parts of the machine
 Hazards to be Guarded
• Things to guard include
– In-running nip points
– Rotating equipment
– Flying chips or sparks
– Belts or gears
– Parts that impact or shear
 Rotating Parts
• Can grip hair or clothing
• Can force the body into a dangerous position
• Projecting pieces increase risk
 In-Running Nip Points

• Between 2 rotating parts

• Between rotating and tangential parts
• Between rotating and fixed parts which
shear, crush, or abrade
 Reciprocating Parts

• Risk of being struck between stationary and

moving part
 Transverse motion

• Continuous straight line motion

• Worker struck or caught in pinch or shear
point
 Cutting action
• Direct injury from cutting action
• Flying chips or sparks
• Saws, drills, lathes, mills
 Punching action
• Ram stamps materials
• Danger at point of operation
 Shearing action
• Powered blade that shears materials
• Hazard at point of operation
 Bending action
• Power applied to a slide to stamp/shape
materials
• Hazard at point of operation
 Guarding Principles
• Prevent contact between hazardous moving parts
and body or clothing
• Secure guard: not easily removed
• Protect from objects falling into machinery
• No new hazards: sharp/rough edges
• No interference with job/comfort/speed
• Allow safe lubrication: without removing guards if
possible
 Guarding Methods
• Location / distance
• Guards
– Fixed
– Interlocked
– Adjustable
– Self-adjusting
 Guarding Methods
• Devices
– Presence sensing
– Pullback
– Restraint
– Safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control,
etc.)
– Gates
 Guarding Methods
• Feeding & ejection methods
– Automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and
ejection
• Robots
• Miscellaneous aids
– Awareness barriers
– Protective shields
– Hand-feeding tools
 Fixed Guard

• Barrier is a permanent
part of machine
• Preferable over other
types
 Interlocked Guard
• Stops motion when guard is opened or
removed

Interlocked
guard on
revolving drum
 Adjustable Guard

• Barrier may be
adjusted for
variable
operations
Bandsaw blade
– What are the adjustable guard
drawbacks?
 Self-Adjusting Guard
• Adjusts according to size/position of material

Circular table saw

self-adjusting guard
Pullback Device

• Cables attached to
operator’s hands or
wrists
• Removes hands from
point of operation
during danger period
– What are the
drawbacks?
 Restraint Device

• Cables attached to
fixed point and wrists
or hands
• Adjustable to let
hands travel in
predetermined area
• May be accompanied
by hand-feeding tools
 Safety Tripwire Cable

• Device located
around the
perimeter of or
near the danger
area
• Operator must be
able to reach the
cable to stop the
machine
 Two-Hand Control

• Requires constant
pressure on both
pads to activate the
machine
• Hands on controls
at safe distance
while machine is in
dangerous cycle
 Gate
• Must close fully to protect user before cycle
will start

Gate Open Gate Closed

Safeguarding by Location/Distance
• Location of hazardous parts that is
inaccessible or not a hazard during normal
operation
• Must maintain safe distance
• Training, warning, communication necessary
 Protective Shields
• Protection from flying particles or splashing
fluids
• Do not protect
completely from
machine hazards
Industrial Accidents
Entanglement
Entanglement
 Entanglement

34
34
A person was caught-in on the coupling of the Motor

Nov. 2, 2003 Rig Floor

Running at 130rpm
Unsafe Acts
Bench Grinder
Struck by
X-Ray of
Saw blade
imbedded
in skull
Machine Accidents

CONTACT
Prevention Strategy

Prevent Contact
Choice of Machine Guards

Preventing Access during

dangerous motion

Preventing Dangerous Motion

during access
 Preventing Access
During Dangerous Motion

Guarding by Location
 Preventing Access
During Dangerous Motion
Fixed Enclosing Movable Guards with
Guards Interlocking Switches
Fixed Guard
Shearing Machine
Bench Grinder
Circular Saw
Band Saw
Two-Hand Controls
Preventing Dangerous Motion During
Access
Photo Electric Light Curtains
Photo Electric Light Curtains
Pressure Sensitive Pressure
Mat Sensitive Edge
Machine Guard Golden Rule

If Machines have Safety Devices,

Use Them!
 Emergency Stops

Emergency Stop Buttons

Grabwire switches
Wood working

58
 Maintenance Work:
Cause of Serious Accident
1 Pakikialaman sirang eqpt.
Report agad!

2 Failure to disconnect
from power source

3 Accidental restarting of
equipment
SAFETY IN MAINTENANCE
OPERATION
Lockout/Tagout Systems
 LOTO Guidelines

1 Never attempt LOTO procedures

unless you have been trained

2 Never loan or share your lock, combination,

or key with anybody else
 Summary
• Machine Accidents happen because of:

CONTACT
• We can Prevent Machine accidents by:

Preventing Contact
 Summary
• How do we Prevent Contact:

PREVENT ACCESS

PREVENT DANGEROUS
MOTION
 Summary
• What System helps to Prevent Machine
Accidents During Maintenance Works

L LOCK

O OUT

T TAG

OUT
O
SYSTEM
Remember
Machines are
Dangerous!

Use Safety
Devices!